Higher education has become structurally dependent on part-time faculty. Over the last two decades, the percentage of teaching done by part-time faculty has increased to approximately 45 percent. In 1992, in all fifty states, the part-time faculty cohort equaled 55 to 65 percent of all community col
Breaking the mould: solar water pumping—the challenges and the reality
✍ Scribed by T.D. Short; P. Thompson
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 2003
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 140 KB
- Volume
- 75
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0038-092X
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
Solar (photovoltaic)
powered water pumping has the potential to bring sustainable supplies of potable water to millions of people in developing countries. Unfortunately, in many cases the application of the pump technology ignores the sociological and economic needs of the users, leading to lack of maintenance, inappropriate financing schemes, inadequate system management and, ultimately, failure of the pump. This paper investigates some of the issues involved in solar water pumping projects, describes the positive and negative effects that they can have on the community and, in proposing an entirely new type of pump, considers what steps could be taken to ensure future sustainability.
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