Botox injections for gummy smiles
โ Scribed by Joe Niamtu III
- Book ID
- 113425310
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 2008
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 37 KB
- Volume
- 133
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 1097-6752
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
๐ SIMILAR VOLUMES
## Abstract ## Background Some patients fail to acquire tracheoesophageal (TE) speech after laryngectomy because of pharyngeal constrictor hypertonicity. Botox injection relieves hypertonicity, but there are little objective data regarding outcomes, duration of effect, and reinjection rates. ## M
## Abstract ## Objectives/Hypothesis: Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections into the thyroarytenoid muscles are the current standard of care for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD). Reported adverse effects include a period of breathiness, throat pain, and difficulty with swallowing liquids. Here we