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bringing together under one single definition all electronic communications services, which are concerned with the conveyance of signals by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic means. The new definition also covers fibre networks which enable third parties, using their own switching or routing equipment to convey signals. This means that member States are not permitted to restrict the right of an operator to establish, extend and/or provide a cable network on the ground that such a network could also be used for the transmission of radio and television programming.
The Directive should also maintain the obligation on Member States to ensure that dominant providers of electronic communications networks and publicly available telephone services operate their public electronic communication network and cable television network as separate legal entities (required by Directive 1999/64/EC).
๐ SIMILAR VOLUMES
11 Section 4 of the Act provides that Parts II & IV of the Act shall not apply to any rule of law requiring writing or signatures. 12 Section 11(2). In the ETA,''electronic record'' means a record generated, communicated, received or stored by electronic, magnetic, optical or other means in an inf
305 Indeed, some ISPs are beginning to request an explicit 'license to cache' from owners of website material that may be cached by the ISP. See Schlachter, supra note 286, at 4. 306 See, e.g., M Ma ac cL Le ea an n A As ss so oc cs s. . I In nc c. . v v W Wm m. . M M. . M Me er rc ce er r-M Me ei