Bones and Cartilage, Second Edition: Developmental and Evolutionary Skeletal Biology

✍ Scribed by Brian K. Hall

• Publisher: Academic Press
• Year: 2015
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 865
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Bones and Cartilage provides the most in-depth review and synthesis assembled on the topic, across all vertebrates. It examines the function, development and evolution of bone and cartilage as tissues, organs and skeletal systems. It describes how bone and cartilage develop in embryos and are maintained in adults, how bone is repaired when we break a leg, or regenerates when a newt grows a new limb, or a lizard a new tail.

The second edition of Bones and Cartilage includes the most recent knowledge of molecular, cellular, developmental and evolutionary processes, which are integrated to outline a unified discipline of developmental and evolutionary skeletal biology. Additionally, coverage includes how the molecular and cellular aspects of bones and cartilage differ in different skeletal systems and across species, along with the latest studies and hypotheses of relationships between skeletal cells and the most recent information on coupling between osteocytes and osteoclasts All chapters have been revised and updated to include the latest research.

• Offers complete coverage of every aspect of bone and cartilage, with updated references and extensive illustrations
• Integrates development and evolution of the skeleton, as well a synthesis of differentiation, growth and patterning
• Treats all levels from molecular to clinical, embryos to evolution, and covers all vertebrates as well as invertebrate cartilages
• Includes new chapters on evolutionary skeletal biology that highlight normal variation and variability, and variation outside the norm (neomorphs, atavisms)
• Updates hypotheses on the origination of cartilage using new phylogenetic, cellular and genetic data
• Covers stem cells in embryos and adults, including mesenchymal stem cells and their use in genetic engineering of cartilage, and the concept of the stem cell niche

✦ Table of Contents

Content:
Front-matter, Pages i,iii
Copyright, Page iv
Preface, Pages xv-xvi
Epigraphs, Page xvii
Part I. Vertebrate Skeletal Tissues, Page 1
Chapter 1 - Vertebrate Skeletal Tissues, Pages 3-16
Chapter 2 - Bone, Pages 17-42
Chapter 3 - Vertebrate Cartilages, Pages 43-59
Part II. Origins and Types of Skeletal Tissues, Page 61
Chapter 4 - Invertebrate Cartilages, Notochordal Cartilage and Cartilage Origins, Pages 63-78
Chapter 5 - Intermediate Tissues, Pages 79-97
Chapter 6 - Lessons from Fossils, Pages 99-110
Part III. Unusual Modes of Skeletogenesis, Page 111
Chapter 7 - Horns and Ossicones, Pages 113-122
Chapter 8 - Antlers, Pages 123-135
Chapter 9 - Tendon Skeletogenesis and Sesamoids, Pages 137-149
Part IV. Stem and Progenitor Cells, Page 151
Chapter 10 - Embryonic Stem and Progenitor Cells, Pages 153-165
Chapter 11 - Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults, Pages 167-177
Part V. Skeletogenic Cells, Page 179
Chapter 12 - Bipotential Osteochondroprogenitor Cells, Pages 181-198
Chapter 13 - Dedifferentiation of Chondrocytes and Endochondral Ossification, Pages 199-218
Chapter 14 - Dedifferentiation and Stem Cells: Regeneration of Urodele Limbs and Mammalian Fingertips, Pages 219-237
Chapter 15 - Cells to Make and Cells to Break, Pages 239-258
Part VI. Embryonic Origins, Page 259
Chapter 16 - Skeletal Origins: Somitic Mesoderm, Vertebrae, Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles, Pages 261-279
Chapter 17 - Skeletal Origins: Neural Crest Cells, Pages 281-298
Chapter 18 - Epithelial–Mesenchymal Interactions Initiate Skeletogenesis, Pages 299-316
Part VII. Getting Started, Page 317
Chapter 19 - The Membranous Skeleton: Condensations, Pages 319-331
Chapter 20 - From Condensation to Differentiation, Pages 333-348
Chapter 21 - Skulls, Eyes and Ears: Condensations and Tissue Interactions, Pages 349-366
Part VIII. Similarity and Diversity, Page 367
Chapter 22 - Chondrocyte Diversity, Pages 369-386
Chapter 23 - Cartilage Diversity, Pages 387-400
Chapter 24 - Osteoblast and Osteocyte Diversity and Osteogenesis In Vitro, Pages 401-413
Chapter 25 - Diversity of Bone as a Tissue and as an Organ, Pages 415-426
Part IX. Maintaining Cartilage in Good Times and in Bad, Page 427
Chapter 26 - Maintaining Differentiated Chondrocytes Through Cell–Matrix Interactions, Pages 429-436
Chapter 27 - Maintenance Awry – Chondrodysplasias and Achondroplasia, Pages 437-447
Chapter 28 - Restarting Mammalian Articular Chondrocytes, Pages 449-461
Chapter 29 - Repair of Fractured Long Bones and Regeneration of Growth Plates, Pages 463-472
Part X. Growing Together and Growing Apart, Page 473
Chapter 30 - Initiating Skeletal Growth, Pages 475-486
Chapter 31 - Growth and Morphogenesis of Long Bones, Pages 487-502
Chapter 32 - Long Bone Growth: A Case of Crying Wolff?, Pages 503-511
Part XI. Staying Apart, Page 513
Chapter 33 - The Temporomandibular Joint and Cranial Synchondroses, Pages 515-527
Chapter 34 - Sutures and Craniosynostosis, Pages 529-541
Part XII. Limb Buds, Pages 543-544
Chapter 35 - The Mesodermal Limb Field and the Apical Epithelial Ridge, Pages 545-562
Chapter 36 - Adding or Deleting an Apical Epithelial Ridge, Pages 563-575
Chapter 37 - Limb Buds in Limbed and Limbless Tetrapods, Pages 577-587
Part XIII. Limbs and Limb Skeletons, Page 589
Chapter 38 - Axes and Polarity of Limb Buds and Limbs, Pages 591-600
Chapter 39 - Patterning and Shaping Limb Buds and Limb Skeletons, Pages 601-610
Chapter 40 - Before Limbs There Were Fins, Pages 611-629
Part XIV. Backbones and Tails, Page 631
Chapter 41 - Vertebral Chondrogenesis: Cell Differentiation and Morphogenesis, Pages 633-640
Chapter 42 - Relationships Between Notochord and Vertebral Cartilage, Pages 641-656
Chapter 43 - Tail Buds, Tails and Taillessness, Pages 657-670
Part XV. Evolutionary Skeletal Biology, Pages 671-672
Chapter 44 - Variation and Variability, Pages 673-692
Chapter 45 - Variation Outside the Norm: Neomorphs and Atavisms, Pages 693-707
References, Pages 709-867
Index, Pages 869-892