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BMP-2 prevents apoptosis of the N1511 chondrocytic cell line through PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB activation

✍ Scribed by Kazuhito Sugimori; Koshi Matsui; Hiraku Motomura; Takashi Tokoro; Juyong Wang; Susumu Higa; Tomoatsu Kimura; Isao Kitajima

Publisher
Springer
Year
2005
Tongue
English
Weight
793 KB
Volume
23
Category
Article
ISSN
0914-8779

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## Abstract Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. IDO is immunosuppressive and is induced by inflammation in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Previous studies have shown the serum Kyn/Trp levels in patient