Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Editor biographies
Contributors
Chapter 1 Blockchain: Distinguishing Facts from Myths
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Overview of Blockchain
1.2.1 Major Benefits of Blockchain
1.3 Myths versus Reality
1.3.1 Blockchains Are Public
1.3.2 Blockchain Is the Same as Cryptocurrencies
1.3.3 Blockchains Can Never Be Tampered With
1.3.4 Free Blockchain
1.3.5 Smart Contracts Have the Same Legal Value as Regular Contracts
1.3.6 Blockchain Is Going to Change the World
1.3.7 There Is Only One Blockchain
1.3.8 Blockchain Is a Cloud-based Database
1.3.9 Blockchain Is Used for Nefarious Purposes
1.3.10 Blockchain Is Only Used for Cryptocurrencies
1.3.11 Blockchain Is βTrustless
1.3.12 Blockchain Is a βTruth Machine
1.3.13 Only Leading Developers Can Create Their Blockchains
1.3.14 Blockchains Can Be Used for Anything
1.3.15 Blockchain Transactions Are Anonymous
1.3.16 Blockchain Can Power the Global Economy
1.3.17 The Blockchain Ledger Is Locked and Irrevocable
1.3.18 Blockchain Is Designed for Business Interactions Only
1.3.19 Blockchain Will Remove All Intermediaries
1.3.20 Transactions on a Blockchain Are Automatically Immutable
1.3.21 Distributed Ledger Technology and Blockchain Are Synonymous
1.3.22 Blockchain Is a Database
1.3.23 Blockchain Coins Have Physical Equivalents
1.3.24 Blockchain Is a Fad
1.3.25 Blockchain Augments Cyber Crimes
1.4 Future Scope
1.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Blockchain Technology and Cryptocurrency: Current Situation and Future Prospects
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Blockchain Technology
2.3 Cryptocurrency
2.4 Comparison of Cryptocurrency and Money
2.5 Values of Cryptocurrencies
2.6 Legal Status of Cryptocurrencies
2.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Cryptocurrencies
2.7.1 Advantages
2.7.1.1 Security
2.7.1.2 Limited Supply
2.7.1.3 Decentralization
2.7.1.4 Low Costs
2.7.1.5 Fast Transactions
2.7.1.6 Confidentiality
2.7.2 Disadvantages
2.7.2.1 Extreme Technology
2.7.2.2 Digital Transformation
2.7.2.3 Private Keys
2.7.2.4 High Volatility
2.7.2.5 Lack of Legal Status
2.7.2.6 Illegal Affairs
2.8 Current and Potential Uses of Cryptocurrencies
2.8.1 Tourism and Accommodation
2.8.2 Real Estate
2.8.3 Education
2.8.4 Charity and Donation Transactions
2.8.5 Supply Chain
2.9 Current Information about the Cryptocurrency Market
2.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Security and Privacy Issues in Blockchained IoT: Principles, Challenges and Counteracting Actions
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Blockchain Technology
3.1.2 Internet of Things
3.1.3 Blockchain-empowered IoT
3.1.4 Layered Architecture of Blockchained IoT
3.2 Principles for Secure Communication in IoT
3.2.1 Confidentiality (C
3.2.2 Integrity (I
3.2.3 Availability (A
3.3 Security Challenges in IoT
3.3.1 Challenges to Blockchain IoT
3.4 Applications of Blockchained IoT
3.4.1 Case Study I: Smart Home Based on Blockchained IoT
3.4.2 Case Study II: Supply Chain Management Solution Using
Blockchained IoT
3.4.3 Case Study III: Blockchain-based IoT Solution for
Automotive Transportation
3.4.4 Case Study IV: Blockchain-based IoT Solution for Agriculture
3.5 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Chapter 4 Survey of Blockchain Techniques for IoT Device Security
4.1 Introduction
4.2 IPv6 and 5G β Accelerating IoT Growth
4.3 IoT Adoption and Applications
4.4 IoT Framework
4.5 IoT Security
4.5.1 Lower-level Security Issues
4.5.2 Intermediate-level Security Issues
4.5.3 High-level Security Issues
4.6 Blockchain
4.7 Blockchain and IoT
4.8 Data Security in IoT with Blockchain
4.9 Challenges in Implementing Blockchain with IoT
4.10 Current Blockchain Applications for IoT
4.11 Opportunities Ahead
4.12 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Digitized Land Registration Using Blockchain Technology
5.1 Introduction to Blockchain Technology
5.1.1 Components of Blockchain
5.2 Characteristics of Blockchain Technology
5.2.1 Distributed Ledger
5.2.2 Digitalization
5.2.3 Updated Near Real-Time
5.2.4 Chronological and Timestamped
5.2.5 Sealed with Cryptography
5.2.6 Irreversible as Well as Auditable
5.2.7 Transparency
5.2.8 Limited Third Parties
5.3 Peer-to-Peer Technology
5.3.1 Peer-to-Peer Network in Blockchain
5.3.2 Advantages of P2P in Blockchains
5.3.3 Limitations of P2P in Blockchains
5.4 Usage of Blockchain Technology in Land Registration
5.4.1 Challenges of the Land Registration Process
5.4.2 Blockchain on Land Registration
5.5 Existing Land Registration System
5.6 Digital Land Registration System
5.6.1 Actors of Digitalized Blockchain Technology-enabled Land
Registration System
5.7 Working Principles of Digitalized Land Registration System Using
Blockchain Technology
5.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Towards a Regulatory Framework for the Adoption and Use of Cryptocurrencies in Zimbabwe
6.1 Introduction and Background
6.2 Literature Review
6.2.1 An Overview of Cryptocurrency
6.2.2 Cryptocurrencies and Capitalization
6.2.3 Barriers and Opportunities in Cryptocurrencies
6.2.4 The Regulation of Cryptocurrencies
6.3 Methodology
6.3.1 Target Population
6.3.2 Sampling Technique
6.3.3 Sample Size
6.3.4 Research Instruments
6.4 Discoveries and Deliberations
6.4.1 Response Rate and Demographic Information
6.4.2 Most Preferred Investment
6.4.3 Reliability Analysis
6.4.4 Establishing the Most Used Cryptocurrency in Zimbabwe
6.4.5 Factors Influencing Cryptocurrency Usage Selection
6.4.6 Barriers and Risks That Users Encounter in Trading
Cryptocurrency in Zimbabwe
6.4.7 Proffering Cryptocurrency Regulatory Framework for
Zimbabwean Market
6.5 Conclusion and Recommendations
6.5.1 Barriers and Risks Encountered in Trading Using Cryptocurrencies in Zimbabwe
6.5.2 To Proffer a Cryptocurrency Regulatory Framework for Zimbabwean Markets and Users
6.5.3 Recommendations for Future Research
References
Chapter 7 Blockchain Technology in the Energy Industry: A Review on Policies and Regulations
7.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces
7.2 Blockchain Technology in Energy Industry: International Usage
and Practices
7.2.1 Energy Trading on a P2P Basis
7.2.2 Managing Energy Supply and Demand in Real Time
7.2.3 Promoting Investments in Energy Industries
7.2.4 Increasing Energy Access in Developing Countries
7.2.5 Regulatory Reporting and Compliance
7.3 Prospects of Blockchain Technology in Energy Industry
7.4 Legal and Regulatory Challenges
7.4.1 Applicable Law
7.4.2 Identity within a Blockchain
7.4.3 Liability and Responsibility
7.4.4 Personal Data
7.4.5 Challenges with the Financial Market Regulation
7.5 Policy Recommendations
7.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Exploring Blockchain-based Government Services in India
8.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces
8.2 Global Blockchain Adoption
8.3 Blockchain Adoption in India
8.3.1 Blockchain: The India Strategy
8.3.2 Vajra Payment Platform by NPCI
8.3.2.1 Process
8.3.2.2 Benefits
8.3.3 Indian Initiatives in Government Services
8.3.4 Blockchain-based Document Services
8.4 Centre of Excellence in Blockchain Technology
8.4.1 Blood Bank Management System
8.4.1.1 Current Process
8.4.1.2 Challenges
8.4.1.3 Proposed Blockchain Solution
8.4.1.4 Benefits
8.4.2 Public Distribution System (PDS
8.4.2.1 Current Process
8.4.2.2 Challenges
8.4.2.3 Proposed Blockchain Solution
8.4.2.4 Benefits
8.4.3 Urban Property Management System: e-Aasthi
8.4.3.1 Current Scenario
8.4.3.2 Challenges
8.4.3.3 Proposed Blockchain Solution
8.4.3.4 Benefits
8.4.4 Apiary β Centre of Excellence (CoE
8.5 Regulatory Approach
8.5.1 National Institute for Smart Governance (NISG) National Blockchain Strategy
8.5.2 State-level Policy β Tamil Nadu
8.5.3 Draft State Policy β Telangana
8.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Role of Blockchain in the Music Industry
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Blockchain
9.3 Bitcoin
9.4 Fundamental Technologies of Blockchain
9.5 Operations Involved in the Working of Blockchain
9.6 Properties of Blockchain
9.7 Applications of Blockchain Technologies
9.8 Introduction to Music Industry
9.9 The Music Industry Supply Chain
9.10 Digital Streaming of Music and Its Impact on the Music Industry
9.11 Making Money from the Album
9.12 Impact of the Internet on Monetization in the Indian Music Industry
9.13 Blockchain and Music Industry
9.14 Companies That Used Blockchain for the Music Industry
9.14.1 Mediachain
9.14.2 UJO
9.14.3 CHOON
9.14.4 Open Music Initiative (OMI
9.14.5 Musicoin
9.15 Proposed System for Using Blockchain in the Indian Music Industry
9.16 Conclusion
9.17 Future Scope
References
Chapter 10 Blockchain Technology: Myths, Realities and Future
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Blockchain
10.2.1 Blockchain Architecture
10.2.1.1 Transactions
10.2.1.2 Block
10.2.1.3 P2P Network
10.2.1.4 Consensus Algorithm
10.2.2 Types of Blockchain
10.2.2.1 Public
10.2.2.2 Federated
10.2.2.3 Private
10.2.3 Benefits of Blockchain
10.2.3.1 Better Transparency
10.2.3.2 Improved Security
10.2.3.3 Better Efficiency and Speed
10.2.3.4 Cost Effective
10.3 Literature Survey
10.4 Myths and Realities or Facts
10.4.1 Myth 1: Blockchain Is a Magical Database in the Cloud
or Blockchain Does Not Store Any Type of Document
10.4.2 Reality
10.4.3 Myth 2: Blockchain Will Transform the World
10.4.4 Reality
10.4.5 Myth 3: Blockchain Is Free
10.4.6 Reality
10.4.7 Myth 4: There Is Only One Blockchain
10.4.8 Reality
10.4.9 Myth 5: Blockchain Can Be Used for Anything and
Everything, or Blockchains Can Be Used Everywhere
10.4.10 Reality
10.4.11 Myth 6: Blockchain Can Be the Backbone of a Global Economy
10.4.12 Reality
10.4.13 Myth 7: The Blockchain Ledger Is Locked and Unchangeable/Unable to Modify the Data Block Once Created, or Blockchain Data Cannot Be Changed Once Updated
10.4.14 Reality
10.4.15 Myth 8: Blockchain Records Can Never Be Hacked or Changed/Blockchain Technology is 100% Trustworthy, or Blockchains Are Truth Machines
10.4.16 Reality
10.4.17 Myth 9: Blockchain Can Only Be Employed in
the Financial Area
10.4.18 Reality
10.4.19 Myth 10: Blockchain Is Bitcoin and Bitcoin Is Blockchain
10.4.20 Reality
10.4.21 Myth 11: Blockchain Is Developed for Big Companies/Commercial Communications Only
10.4.22 Reality
10.4.23 Myth 12: Smart Contracts Have a Similar Legal Value to Regular Contracts
10.4.24 Reality
10.4.25 Myth 13: Blockchain Can Store Documents
10.4.26 Reality
10.4.27 Myth 14: Blockchains Are Intended Only to Aid Money Management
10.4.28 Reality
10.4.29 Myth 15: Blockchains Consume High Volumes of Energy, Increasing Costs
10.4.30 Reality
10.5 Conclusion
10.6 Future Scope/Directions
References
Chapter 11 Application and Challenges of βBlockchain Technologyβ in the Oil and Gas Industry
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Blockchain Technology Fundamentals
11.2.1 Blockchain Philosophy
11.2.2 Blockchain Key Attributes
11.2.3 Blockchain Infrastructure
11.2.4 Consensus Algorithm
11.2.4.1 Proof of Work (PoW
11.2.4.2 Proof of Stake (PoS
11.2.4.3 Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS
11.2.4.4 Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT
11.2.4.5 Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET
11.2.4.6 Tendermint
11.2.4.7 Cryptography
11.2.4.8 Model Data Record
11.3 Blockchain Applications in the Petroleum and Gas Sector
11.3.1 Trade
11.3.1.1 Smart/Intelligent Contract
11.3.1.2 Transaction
11.3.1.3 Management Decisions
11.3.1.4 Overvoice
11.4 Status of Blockchain and Pilot Programmes
11.5 Limitation and Challenges of Blockchain Technology
11.5.1 Evolution
11.5.2 Data Theft
11.5.3 Greedy Exploitation
11.6 Possible Future Directions
11.6.1 Testing Blockchain
11.6.2 Incentivize Decentralization
11.6.3 Large (Data-based) Analytics
11.6.4 Intelligent/Smart Contract
11.6.5 Artificial Intelligence
11.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Blockchain Technology in the Banking System in Developing Countries: Potential and Future Trends
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Blockchain Technology: A Historical Overview
12.3 Blockchain Technology and Its Potential in the Banking System
12.4 Future Trends in Using Blockchain Technology in the Banking System
12.5 Blockchain Technology in the Banking System β a Typical Case Study
in a Developing Country
12.5.1 Banking Overview in Vietnam
12.5.2 Data and Methodology
12.5.3 Results
12.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13 Decentralizing Finance: Cryptocurrencies, ICOs, STOs and Tokenization of Assets
13.1 Introduction: Background and Drivers
13.2 Conceptual Framework
13.3 Money, Fiat Currency and Cryptocurrencies
13.4 From ICOs to STOs
13.5 Tokenization of Assets of Value
13.6 The Tokenized Capital Markets and Debt Markets
13.7 Example: Unlocking Value in Agriculture and Livestock
13.8 Benefits of Tokenization on Securities Management and Traceability
13.9 Self-governance, Self-regulation and Cybersecurity
13.10 Conclusion
13.10.1 Limitations of Research
13.10.2 Recommendations for Future Research
Notes
References
Chapter 14 Role of Blockchain Technology in Digital Forensics
14.1 Introduction to Blockchain Technology
14.2 Application Areas of Blockchain Technology
14.3 Challenges and Protocols of Blockchain Technology
14.3.1 Challenges Faced by Blockchain Technology
14.3.2 Blockchain Architecture and Protocols
14.4 Managing Chain of Custody for Digital Evidence: Ethereum
14.5 Managing Chain of Custody for Digital Evidence: Hyperledger
14.6 Applying Blockchain for Distributed Cloud Storage in Digital Forensics
14.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 A Study and Experimentation on Bitcoin Price Forecasting with Time Series Analysis and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Literature Review
15.3 ARIMA with Recurrent Neural Network for Forecasting
15.4 Experimentation
15.5 Results and Discussion
15.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Blockchain versus IOTA Tangle for Internet of Things: The Best Architecture
16.1 Introduction to Distributed Ledger Technology and Internet of Things
16.1.1 Introduction to Blockchain Technology
16.1.2 Introduction to IOTA Technology
16.1.3 Introduction to Internet of Things
16.2 Description of Blockchain and IOTA Architecture
16.2.1 Data Structure
16.2.2 Consensus Protocol
16.2.3 IoT Architecture and Connectivity
16.2.3.1 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID
16.2.3.2 Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs
16.2.3.3 Cellular (3G/4G/5G) Networks
16.2.3.4 ZigBee
16.2.3.5 WiFi
16.2.3.6 Bluetooth
16.2.4 Design and Operational Architecture
16.2.4.1 Application Layer
16.2.4.2 Network Layer
16.2.4.3 Perception Layer
16.2.4.4 Business Layer
16.2.4.5 Processing Layer
16.2.4.6 Transport Layer
16.2.4.7 Device Capability Exposure (DCE
16.3 Review of Related Works
16.3.1 Related Work in Blockchain Technology
16.3.2 Related Works on IOTA
16.3.3 IoT Background and Related Works
16.4 Innovative Features of IOTA for the Internet of Things
16.4.1 IOTA Projects
16.5 How Does the Architecture of Blockchain and IOTA Affect the Internet of Things
16.5.1 Consensus Protocol
16.5.2 Data Structure
16.6 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
References
Index