Blockchain for Information Security and Privacy

✍ Scribed by Udai Pratap Rao (editor), Piyush Kumar Shukla (editor), Chandan Trivedi (editor), Sweta Gupta (editor), Zelalem Sintayehu Shibeshi (editor)

• Publisher: Auerbach Publications
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 441
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Distributed and peer-to-peer (P2P) applications are increasing daily, and cyberattacks are constantly adopting new mechanisms to threaten the security and privacy of users in these Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Blockchain, a decentralized cryptographic-based technology, is a promising element for IoT security in manufacturing, finance, healthcare, supply chain, identity management, e-governance, defence, education, banking, and trading. Blockchain has the potential to secure IoT through repetition, changeless capacity, and encryption.

Blockchain for Information Security and Privacy provides essential knowledge of blockchain usage in the mainstream areas of security, trust, and privacy in decentralized domains. This book is a source of technical information regarding blockchain-oriented software and applications. It provides tools to researchers and developers in both computing and software engineering to develop solutions and automated systems that can promote security, trust, and privacy in cyberspace.

FEATURES

• Applying blockchain-based secured data management in confidential cyberdefense applications

• Securing online voting systems using blockchain

• Safeguarding electronic healthcare record (EHR) management using blockchain

• Impacting security and privacy in digital identity management

• Using blockchain-based security and privacy for smart contracts

By providing an overview of blockchain technology application domains in IoT (e.g., vehicle web, power web, cloud internet, and edge computing), this book features side-by-side comparisons of modern methods toward secure and privacy-preserving blockchain technology. It also examines safety objectives, efficiency, limitations, computational complexity, and communication overhead of various applications using blockchain. This book also addresses the combination of blockchain and industrial IoT. It explores novel various-levels of information sharing systems.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: Blockchain Impact in Education and Society
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Topics Covered in This Section
1.2.1 Finding the Relevant Article
1.3 Blockchain in Education
1.3.1 Categories of Application
1.3.2 Benefits
1.3.3 Challenges Faced during the Adoption of Blockchain Technology in Education
1.4 Discussion
1.4.1 What Applications Have You Developed for Educational Purposes with Blockchain Technology?
1.4.2 What Benefits Will the Technology of Blockchain Bring to Education?
1.5 Future Research Areas
1.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Apply and Analyse Several Blockchain Techniques in IoT and Big Data Sector
2.1 Blockchain Technology
2.1.1 Centralized, Decentralized and Distributed
2.1.2 Types of Blockchain
2.2 Blockchains and IoT Systems
2.3 Blockchain IoT Platforms
2.4 Need of IOTA
2.5 Challenges to Address the Integration of Blockchain in IoT
2.5.1 Scalability
2.5.2 Security
2.5.3 Interoperability
2.5.4 Legal, Compliance, and Regulation
2.6 Blockchain in IoT: Real-World Applications and Solutions
2.6.1 Supply Chain Logistics
2.6.2 Automotive Industry
2.6.3 Smart Homes Industry
2.6.4 Pharmacy Industry
2.6.5 Mediledger
2.7 Instances of Blockchain-Based Security Mix for IoT Systems
2.7.1 Secure Management of IoT Devices
2.7.2 Secure Firmware Updates in IoT Devices
2.7.3 Trust Evaluation of a Trusted Computing Base in IoT Devices
2.7.4 IoT Device Identity Validation
2.7.5 Secure Data Store System for Access Control Information
2.7.6 Blockchain-Based Security Architecture for IoT Devices in Smart Homes
2.7.7 Improved Reliability of Medical IoT Devices
2.8 Challenges and Future Research
2.8.1 Conclusion
2.9 Blockchain in Big Data
2.9.1 Digital Ledger as Fulfilling Career Chances
2.9.2 Blockchain and Big Data Advancements for Information Investigation
2.9.3 Blockchain and Big Data: Protection Concerns
2.9.4 Blockchain and Big Data: Community-Based Data to Forecast the Price of Bitcoin
2.9.5 Blockchain Use Cases in Big Data
2.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Blockchain:: Trends, Role and Future Prospects
3.1 Introduction to Cryptocurrency
3.1.1 Advantages of Cryptocurrency
3.1.2 Disadvantages of Cryptocurrency
3.1.3 Criticisms of Cryptocurrency
3.1.4 Types of Cryptocurrency
3.2 Introduction to Blockchain Technology and Structure
3.2.1 Decentralization in Blockchain
3.2.2 Transparency in Blockchain
3.2.3 Types of Blockchain
3.2.4 Need for Blockchain Technology
3.2.5 How Does Blockchain Technology Work?
3.2.6 Advantages and Disadvantages
3.2.7 How to Secure Blockchain
3.2.8 What Is Ledger and Proof of Work in Blockchain?
3.2.9 Smart Contract (Blockchain 2.0)?
3.3 Methods of Blockchain
3.3.1 Application Methods for Blockchains
3.4 Blockchain Application 3.0
3.4.1 Blockchain in E-governance
3.4.2 Blockchain 3.0 When Used as Discrete Office
3.4.3 Blockchain 3.0 Technology for Health Care
3.5 Comparisons Table of Blockchain Platforms
3.6 Future Trends in Blockchain Technology
3.6.1 Blockchain Testing
3.6.2 Stop the Tendency to Centralization
3.6.3 Big Data Analytics
3.6.4 Artificial Intelligence
3.7 Integration of Machine Learning in Blockchain-Based Application
3.8 What Research Subjects Have Been Addressed in the Present Research on Blockchain?
3.9 What Are the Present Research Holes in Blockchain Research?
3.10 What Are the Forthcoming Research Guidelines for Blockchain?
3.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Cybersecurity and Privacy Issues of Blockchain Technology
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 The Basics of Cryptomonetary Forms
4.1.2 The Significance of Money
4.1.3 Some Digital Currency History
4.1.4 Components of Blockchain
4.1.4.1 Consensus
4.1.4.2 Gamification
4.1.4.3 Openness
4.1.4.4 Programming Engineer
4.1.5 The Decentralization of Blockchain
4.1.6 Why Devolution Matters
4.1.7 Advantages of Decentralization
4.2 Working Principle of Blockchain
4.2.1 Working of Blockchain
4.2.1.1 Encryption Keys
4.2.1.2 Transaction Process
4.2.1.3 Hash Encryptions
4.2.2 Action Confirmation
4.2.3 The Structure of Blockchain
4.2.4 Advantages of Structured Blockchain
4.2.5 Types of Blockchain
4.2.6 Security and Privacy Issues: Future Trends
4.2.6.1 Learn to Do Transactions
4.2.6.2 Cryptocurrency Institutions
4.3 Make an Arrangement before You Jump In
4.3.1 Challenges and Opportunity in Cyber Defense
4.4 Case Studies
4.4.1 Digital Forms of Money
4.5 Interbank Compromise
4.5.1 Keen Agreements
4.5.2 Store Network Recognizability
4.6 Protection Preservation Policy
4.6.1 Privacy on Blockchain
4.6.2 Types of Blockchain in Privacy Systems
4.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Robust Digital Medical Image Watermarking and Encryption Algorithms Using Blockchain over DWT Edge Coefficient
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) for Blockchain
5.2 Medical Image Watermarking
5.3 Previous Related Works
5.4 Basic Transformations Used for Watermarking
5.5 Validation of Basic Blockchain-Based Watermarking
5.6 Proposed DWT-SVD-Based Blockchain Encrypted Watermarking
5.7 Results
5.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Enhanced Privacy and Security of Voters’ Identity in an Interplanetary File System-Based E-Voting Process
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Motivations and Goals
6.1.2 Chapter Organization
6.2 Literature Review
6.3 A Proposed E-voting System in Blockchain
6.3.1 Voter Identity Generation, Registration and Privacy Preservation before Voting
6.3.2 Pre-voting Process, Candidate Registration, Authority Verification and Setup
6.3.3 Voting Process – Security and Privacy Management during Voting Process
6.3.4 Post-voting Process – Counting, Result Declaration and Identity
6.4 System Implementation and Experimental Analysis
6.4.1 Key Generation
6.4.2 Candidate Registration
6.4.3 Polling Process
6.4.4 Counting and Results
6.5 Analysis of Security and Privacy
6.5.1 Security Analysis
6.5.2 Privacy Maintenance and GDPR Compliance
6.6 Comparisons and Results
6.7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Chapter 7: Blockchain-Enabled Secure Internet of Vehicles:: A Solution Taxonomy, Architecture, and Future Directions
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Architecture, Characteristics, and Application of IoV
7.1.2 Platform for IoV
7.2 The Security Aspect of IoV
7.3 Taxonomy of IoV Attacks
7.3.1 Authentication
7.3.2 Attacks on Accountability
7.4 Blockchain-Based Secured IoV Ecosystem
7.5 Attack Countermeasures
7.6 A Case Study on BC-Based Certificate Generation Scheme in IoV
7.7 Research Challenges and Directions for Future Research in IoV
7.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Blockchain-Based Federated Cloud Environment:: Issues and Challenges
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Contribution
8.1.2 Chapter Layout
8.1.3 Scope of the Survey
8.2 Background
8.3 BC in a Multi-Cloud Environment: A Solution Taxonomy
8.3.1 Cloud Data Provenance
8.3.2 Security
8.3.2.1 Attacks in Virtual Machines
8.3.2.2 Attacks on Virtual Machine Monitor
8.3.2.3 Attacks in Tenant Network
8.3.3 SLA Verification
8.3.4 Access Control
8.3.5 Cloud Resource Scheduling
8.3.6 Cloud Storage Reliability
8.3.7 Service Quality Monitoring
8.3.8 Resource Sharing in FCE
8.4 Open Issues and Challenges
8.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Blockchain-Based Secured Data Management in Confidential Cyber Defence Applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 System Overview
9.3 Blockchain in Defence Sectors
9.3.1 Objectives/Framework
9.3.2 Motivation for the Work
9.3.3 Existing Proof-of-Concept
9.4 Requirements of a Trusted Defence System
9.5 Type of Testing Needed for Blockchain
9.6 Preliminary Assessment of Blockchain
9.7 Data Manipulations in Defence Industries
9.8 Requirements of a Reliable Defence Data-Storing Arrangement
9.9 Proposed Architecture and Its Implementation
9.10 Design Changes
9.11 Acceptance Procedure
9.12 Promoting Enigma Coding
9.13 Methods based Evaluation and Discussion
9.14 Needs based Evaluation and Discussion
9.15 Challenges and Limitations
9.16 Conclusion
9.17 Future Work
References
Chapter 10: Blockchain Technology for Privacy and Security Issues and Challenges in IOT-Based Systems
10.1 Privacy and Security Issues in IoT Systems
10.2 Security Architecture of IoT
10.3 Security Issues Analysis of IoT
10.3.1 Perception Layer
10.3.1.1 Security Issues of RFID Technology and Solutions
10.3.1.1.1 Uniform Coding
10.3.1.1.2 Conflict Collision
10.3.1.1.3 RFID Privacy Protection
10.3.1.1.4 Trust Management
10.3.1.2 Security Issues and Technical Solutions in WSNs
10.3.1.3 The Problems of Heterogeneous Integration
10.3.2 Transportation Layer
10.3.2.1 Security Issues Related to the Functional Architecture of the Transportation Layer
10.3.2.1.1 Access Network
10.3.2.1.2 Core Network
10.3.2.1.3 Security Analysis in Local Area Network
10.3.3 Application Layer
10.3.3.1 Analyzing Security Issues in the Application Support Layer
10.3.3.1.1 Security Threats Identified from IDC Survey
10.3.3.1.2 Issue of Service Interruption and Attacks
10.3.3.2 IoT Applications Security Analysis
10.3.4 Security of IoT as a Whole
10.4 Security Issues Comparison between IoT and a Traditional Network
10.5 Blockchain Concepts
10.5.1 The Structure of Blockchain
10.5.2 The Working of Blockchain
10.5.3 Types of Blockchain
10.5.3.1 Public Blockchain
10.5.3.2 Private Blockchain
10.5.3.3 Consortium Blockchain
10.5.3.4 Hybrid Blockchain
10.5.4 Blockchain Solution to IoT
10.5.4.1 Encryption and Validation
10.5.4.2 Decentralized Database
10.5.4.3 Private and Public Blockchain
10.5.4.4 Immutable and Virtually Tamper-proof Network
10.5.5 IoT Framework with Blockchain
10.5.5.1 Physical Layer
10.5.5.2 Communication Layer
10.5.5.3 Database Layer
10.5.5.4 Interface Layer
10.5.6 Difficulties in Incorporating Blockchain with IoT
10.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: A Secure Online Voting System Using Blockchain
11.1 Objective
11.2 Introduction
11.3 Theoretical Background
11.3.1 Hyperledger
11.3.2 Hyperledger Composer
11.3.3 Electronic Voting System
11.4 Secure Online Voting Using Blockchain
11.4.1 Existing Voting System
11.4.2 Proposed System
11.4.3 Modular Design
11.5 Implementation Methodology
11.5.1 Peer Network
11.5.2 Blockchain
11.5.3 REST Server API
11.5.4 Client-side Application
11.6 Results and Analysis
11.7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Chapter 12: Secure Electronic Health Records (EHR) Management Using Blockchain
12.1 Objective of the Chapter
12.2 Introduction
12.2.1 Application
12.2.2 Motivation
12.2.3 Contribution
12.2.4 Organization of the Chapter
12.3 Background Study
12.3.1 Electronic Health Records (EHR)
12.3.2 Blockchain
12.3.2.1 Blockchain Categorization
12.3.2.2 Permission-less
12.3.2.3 Permissioned
12.3.3 Cardiology
12.3.4 The Medical Council of India
12.4 Secure EHR Using Blockchain
12.4.1 Entities
12.4.1.1 EHR Structure
12.4.2 Architecture
12.4.3 Working Methodology of the System
12.4.3.1 Onboarding
12.4.3.2 Uploading the Data
12.4.3.3 Data Retrieval
12.4.4 Configuration
12.4.4.1 The Primary Nodejs Server
12.4.4.2 The app.js
12.4.4.3 The network.js File
12.4.4.4 The Blockchain Server
12.4.4.5 The EHR-contract.ts File
12.4.5 Implementation
12.4.5.1 User Interface
12.5 Conclusion
12.6 Future Work
References
Chapter 13: Blockchain Impact of Security and Privacy in Digital Identity Management
13.1 Introduction to Digital Identity Management
13.1.1 Models of DIDM
13.1.2 Identity Issues in the Real World
13.1.3 IDM with Blockchain Technology
13.1.3.1 IDM Architecture
13.1.4 Different IDM Systems
13.1.4.1 Comparison
13.1.5 Blockchain Impact of Security and Privacy on IDM
13.1.6 Benefits and Challenges
13.2 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: A New Ecosystem for Digital Identity Verification Using Blockchain
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Background and Related Work
14.2.1 Hashing Algorithm
14.2.2 Blockchain and Its Applications
14.2.3 Hyperledger Fabric Private vs Public Blockchain
14.2.4 Related Work regarding Blockchain for KYC
14.3 Proposed Architecture
14.4 Implementation
14.5 Results and Discussions
14.5.1 Sample Block of the Hyperledger Blockchain
14.6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Chapter 15: Blockchain-Based Security and Privacy for Smart Contracts
15.1 Introduction to Blockchain and Smart Contract
15.1.1 Smart Contract Operating Process
15.1.2 Security in IoT and the Impact of Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts
15.2 Challenges and Recent Work Is Done in the Field of BC-Based SC
15.2.1 Challenges at the Time of Creating the SCs
15.2.1.1 Readability
15.2.1.2 Functional Issues
15.2.1.3 Overcharging
15.2.2 Challenges during the Deployment Phase
15.2.2.1 Contract Correctness
15.2.2.2 The Dynamic Flow of Control
15.2.3 Challenges during the Execution
15.2.3.1 Trustworthy Oracle
15.2.3.2 Dependency on Transaction Order
15.2.4 Completion Challenges
15.2.4.1 Security and Privacy
15.2.4.2 Scams
15.3 Applications of the SC
15.3.1 Smart Contract in Distributed System Security
15.3.2 Smart Contracts in the Public Sector
15.3.3 Smart Contract in Finance
15.3.4 Smart Contract in IoT
15.3.5 Smart Contracts in Data Provenance
15.3.6 Smart Contract in Sharing Economy
15.4 A Case Study on Cloud Security Using BC-Based SC
15.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Blockchain Application in Digital Identity Management in Elections
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Security Vulnerabilities during the Election Process
16.3 Blockchain Solutions
16.4 Blockchain-Based E-voting System
16.4.1 Election as a Smart Contract
16.4.2 Election Method
16.5 Assessment of Blockchain as an E-voting Service
16.6 Design and Implementation
16.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Decentralized Domain Name Broker Service
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Application
17.1.2 Motivation
17.1.3 Objective
17.1.4 Organization
17.2 Introduction to Domain Name System
17.2.1 Domain Names
17.2.2 Terminologies
17.2.3 Domain Ownership Verification
17.2.4 Accessing Registry Data
17.3 Background of Blockchain Technology
17.3.1 Blockchain
17.3.1.1 Advantages of Blockchain
17.3.1.2 Types of Blockchain
17.3.1.3 Smart Contract
17.3.1.4 Consensus Protocol
17.3.1.5 Comparison of Public Blockchain Network
17.3.2 Detailed Comparison between Ethereum and EOS
17.3.3 Smart Contract—Security Threats
17.3.3.1 Major Pitfalls in Smart Contract
17.4 Current Implementation
17.4.1 Domain Brokers
17.4.2 Domain Transfer from One Registrant to Another
17.4.3 A Typical (Centralized) Escrow Service
17.4.4 Problems with Centralized Approach
17.4.5 Related Work
17.5 Blockchain-Based Domain Broker System
17.5.1 Advantages
17.5.2 Implementation
17.5.2.1 Value Proposition of Domain Names Using Auction
17.5.2.2 Components
17.5.2.3 Detailed Procedure
17.5.2.4 Actors’ Involvement
17.6 Selection of Tools
17.7 System Analysis and Discussion
17.7.1 Attacks on Decentralized Components
17.7.2 Limitations of Blockchain
17.8 Conclusion and Open Challenges
17.8.1 Challenges
List of Acronyms
References
Chapter 18: Using Blockchain for Digital Copyrights Management
18.1 Introduction
18.2 The Basic Concepts and Connotation of Digital Copyright
18.2.1 Origin of Copyright
18.2.2 Acquisition of Copyright
18.2.3 Digital Copyright
18.2.3.1 Digital Works
18.2.3.2 Digital Copyright Industry Chain
18.3 Development Status and Problems of Digital Copyright Industry
18.3.1 Digital Copyright Protection
18.3.2 Problems in Digital Copyright Industry
18.3.3 Copyright Confirmation Difficulties
18.3.4 Difficulty in Infringement Monitoring
18.3.5 Difficulty in Collecting Evidence
18.3.6 Royalty Settlement Is Difficult
18.3.7 Difficulty of Restricting Widespread Content
18.4 Role of Blockchain to Empower Digital Copyright
18.4.1 Establishing Ownership of Data Rights
18.4.2 Anti-tampered, Anti-counterfeiting and Traceability
18.4.3 Smart Contracts Ensuring Safe Transactions
18.4.4 Infringement Evidence Consolidation
18.4.5 Transparency of Digital Copyright Transaction Settlement
18.5 Blockchain-Based Digital Copyright Protection Service
18.5.1 Technical Architecture
18.5.2 Key Technologies and Methods
18.6 Challenges Faced by Blockchain Digital Copyright Applications
18.6.1 Integration of Multiple Departments
18.6.2 Interconnection of Blockchain Platforms
18.7 The Development Trend of Blockchain Digital Copyright Applications
18.7.1 Greater Scope for Development
18.7.2 Rapid Development of Blockchain Digital Copyright Services
18.8 Steps Required for Improvement
18.8.1 Government level
18.8.2 Enterprise level
18.8.3 Technical level
18.9 Conclusion
References
Index