Bioterrorism Preparedness, Attack and Response

✍ Scribed by M. Fottler, H.A.C. Zap J. Blair, John Blair, Myron Fottler, Hon. Albert C. Zapanta

• Publisher: Elsevier Science
• Year: 2004
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 365
• Series: Advances in Health Care Management 4
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

A volume that provides a view into the world of Bioterrorism and how it could affect the healthcare system of the United States. It will lead the reader along a journey that shows ramifications to health, politics, and everyday common actions. The book starts out by informing the reader of biological agents and then leads into how organizations and the government should respond in the case that such agents are unleashed. A full understanding of bioterrorism preparedness and response cannot be achieved effectively by considering these phenomena in a vacuum nor informed only by the bioterrorism literature in its current form. The authors identify the key factors that make up the essential pieces of bioterrorism preparedness, attack and response. This volume puts what is normally thought of bioterrorism preparedness issues in their equally important security and terrorist strategy contexts. Here, the editors have sought to bring experts' insights on as many of the interlinking factors as possible into one volume. This thematic volume's objectives are to facilitate the reader's understanding of the new reality that creates certainty in the uncertainty facing them in the future. * Knowledge of Bioterrorism * Advances skills of preparedness * Shows ramifications of a terrorist attack * Gives the reader a view of possible terrorist attacks * A look into security and terrorist strategy

✦ Table of Contents

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THE BIOTERRORISM FORMULA: FACING THE CERTAINTY OF THE UNCERTAIN FUTURE......Page 13
THE BIOTERRORISM FORMULA: THE BROADER CONTEXT OF PREPAREDNESS......Page 17
The Nature of Terrorism......Page 18
The Bioterrorism Formula......Page 19
BIOTERRORISM PREPAREDNESS, ATTACK AND RESPONSE: THE BOOK......Page 21
Biological Agents and Terrorist Agents......Page 23
Chaos, Complexity and Change......Page 24
Organizations Respond - Or Not......Page 25
Changes and Challenges in Defending the Homeland......Page 26
FACING THE CERTAIN UNCERTAIN FUTURE......Page 27
References......Page 29
THE INTERNATIONAL THREAT OF BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS: LEGAL AND REGULATORY PERSPECTIVES......Page 35
THE THREAT OF BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION: AN OVERVIEW......Page 36
Biological Weapons: A Unique Problem......Page 37
The Political Implications of Biological Weapons of Mass Destruction......Page 40
The International Regime for Biological Weapons Control: A Brief History......Page 42
NECESSARY REVISIONS IN THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STRUCTURE......Page 45
The Parameters of a Verification Regime......Page 46
Mandatory Declarations......Page 49
Routine On-Site Inspections......Page 51
Challenge Inspections......Page 52
Appropriate Retaliation......Page 53
Strengthening the Norm Against Biological Weapons......Page 54
Domestic Legislation......Page 55
CONTROL MEASURES AND A SYNTHESIZED APPROACH TO BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CONTROL......Page 56
Conclusions......Page 57
References......Page 59
COCKTAILS, DECEPTIONS, AND FORCE MULTIPLIERS IN BIOTERRORISM......Page 60
INTRODUCTION......Page 67
TERRORIST CHOICE OF WEAPONS......Page 68
TERRORIST USE OF FORCE MULTIPLIERS......Page 70
Use of Deception......Page 71
Use of Media......Page 73
Use of Target's Infrastructure Against Target......Page 74
Use of Innovative Tactics......Page 75
TYPES OF TERRORIST ATTACKS......Page 76
TYPES OF CONSEQUENCES FROM TERRORIST ATTACK......Page 78
Concentrated Terror with Multiple Casualties......Page 79
Concentrated Terror with Mass-Casualties......Page 80
SCENARIO SUMMARY TABLE......Page 81
References......Page 84
MODELING THE ENVIRONMENTAL JOLTS FROM TERRORIST ATTACKS: CONFIGURATIONS OF ASYMMETRIC WARFARE......Page 87
THE CONCEPT OF ASYMMETRIC WAR......Page 89
Positive Asymmetry......Page 90
Negative Asymmetry......Page 91
Relevance for this Paper......Page 92
Disparity of Interest......Page 93
Strategic Effect......Page 94
The Element of Time......Page 95
A MODEL OF THE DIMENSIONS OF TERRORIST ATTACKS......Page 96
Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction......Page 98
Operational Capacity......Page 99
System Preparedness and Response Capacity......Page 100
Actual Casualties......Page 101
Overview......Page 102
Description......Page 103
The Optimum Terrorist Configuration......Page 104
The World Trade Center Attack Configuration......Page 107
The Pentagon Attack Configuration......Page 109
The DC Anthrax Attacks......Page 111
Overview......Page 114
California Anthrax and Cyber Attack......Page 116
North Korean Smallpox Scenario......Page 118
Discussion......Page 120
Implications for Terrorism Dimensions......Page 121
References......Page 122
CHAOS AND COMPLEXITY IN A BIOTERRORISM FUTURE......Page 125
COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS (CAS)......Page 127
CONVENTIONAL WISDOM......Page 131
A COMPLEXITY SCIENCE APPROACH......Page 132
RELATIONSHIPS......Page 133
EFFECTIVE ACTION......Page 136
A CASE IN POINT......Page 138
RESEARCH QUESTIONS......Page 140
CONCLUSIONS......Page 141
References......Page 142
ENVIRONMENTAL JOLT OF BIOTERRORISM......Page 146
MANAGING NORMAL CHANGE......Page 150
RESPONDING TO ENVIRONMENTAL JOLTS......Page 154
RECOMMENDATIONS AND REFLECTIONS - SHAPING THE BATTLEFIELD......Page 159
NETWORK-CENTRIC CONSEQUENCE MANAGEMENT......Page 162
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS......Page 164
References......Page 166
CHANGING ORGANIZATIONS FOR THEIR LIKELY MASS-CASUALTIES FUTURE......Page 168
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS IN THE HEALTH CARE SECTOR......Page 169
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES PRESCRIBED BY CONVENTIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL THEORIES......Page 173
A COMPLEXITY SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE ON PREPARATION FOR UNPREDICTABLE CHANGE......Page 174
CHANGING HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS TO PREPARE FOR MASS-CASUALTIES......Page 178
PREPARING FOR THE UNKNOWN: RESEARCH QUESTIONS......Page 181
CONCLUSIONS......Page 183
References......Page 184
MULTIPROVIDER SYSTEMS AS FIRST LINE RESPONDERS TO BIOTERRORISM EVENTS: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES......Page 186
Definition......Page 188
Psychological Implications......Page 189
Challenges Bioterrorism Creates......Page 190
ORGANIZATIONAL PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE TO BIOTERRORISM......Page 191
Multiprovider Systems......Page 193
THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS......Page 194
REVIEW OF MULTIPROVIDER SYSTEMS LITERATURE......Page 195
Safety Precautions......Page 198
Staff Roles......Page 200
Communication......Page 202
COMPARISON OF THE FOUR CATEGORIES OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS......Page 203
Detection, Surveillance, and Diagnosis......Page 205
DISCUSSION......Page 207
References......Page 210
MONDAY MORNING - WINTER, ANY YEAR......Page 213
The Organization of a Physician's Practice......Page 218
Responsibility and Authority......Page 219
Triaging......Page 220
Patient Registration......Page 221
The Medical Record......Page 222
PREPARING THE PHYSICIAN'S OFFICE TO RESPOND TO BIOTERRORISM......Page 223
Defining the Agents of Biological Warfare - Clinical Preparedness......Page 224
Categorization of Patients Related to a Bioterrorist Attack......Page 231
Appointment/Triage Functions......Page 232
Registration/Check-in......Page 235
Patient Referral Process......Page 236
Facility Capabilities......Page 237
Suspected but Unconfirmed Biological Agent Exposure......Page 241
Contact Precautions......Page 242
Airborne Precautions (if symptoms of Smallpox or Glanders suspected)......Page 243
Organizational Policies......Page 245
Responding to a Bioterrorism Attack......Page 246
CONCLUSION......Page 249
References......Page 250
Appendix A......Page 251
RESPONDING TO BIOTERRORISM: A LESSON IN HUMILITY FOR MANAGEMENT SCHOLARS......Page 261
BIOTERRORISM AND THE HEALTH CARE CONTEXT......Page 263
Bioterrorism Delivery Mechanisms......Page 264
Local Response Flowchart......Page 265
Traditional Planning Responses: Four Phases of Emergency Management......Page 269
INTEGRATIVE RESPONSE PLANNING......Page 271
ROLE OF HOSPITALS......Page 273
Hospital Response Efforts Using a Severity System......Page 275
RELEVANCE OF MANAGERIAL THEORY TO BIOTERRORISM EVENTS......Page 276
Stakeholder Applications......Page 279
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 283
References......Page 287
BIOTERRORISM PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE: A RESOURCE GUIDE FOR HEALTH CARE MANAGERS......Page 289
BIOTERRORISM PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE CATEGORIES......Page 290
GENERAL PREPAREDNESS......Page 291
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS......Page 294
Interoperability......Page 296
Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs)......Page 297
CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT......Page 298
DECONTAMINATION AND EQUIPMENT......Page 299
INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM (ICS)......Page 300
Physical Security......Page 301
MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT (MCI)......Page 302
MASS INOCULATION......Page 303
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)......Page 304
PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES......Page 305
PUBLIC POLICY & LAW......Page 306
TERRORISM THREAT/VULNERABILITY......Page 307
TRAINING......Page 309
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CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN AN ERA OF BIOTERRORISM: CRIME AND WAR IN THE MAKING OF MODERN CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS......Page 318
CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN NORMAL TIMES......Page 319
CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN THE FACE OF A NATIONAL SECURITY CRISIS......Page 323
MODELS OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS DURING NATIONAL SECURITY CRISES......Page 326
CRIME OR WAR AND BIOTERRORIST THREATS......Page 329
THE EVOLUTION OF WAR......Page 333
BIOTERRORISM AS WAR......Page 336
CONCLUSION......Page 338
References......Page 341
INTEGRATION OR DISINTEGRATION? AN EXAMINATION OF THE CORE ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AT THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY......Page 344
INTRODUCTION......Page 345
TERRORISM AND BIOTERRORISM IN THE U.S.: RADICAL CHANGE......Page 346
Management Issue: Crafting Agency Vision......Page 349
Management Issue: Creating a Sustainable Sense of Urgency......Page 351
Management Issue: Building a Management Team Capable of Implementing Changes......Page 352
Management Issue: Fostering a New Agency Culture......Page 353
Management Issue: Information Sharing and Routine Task Integration......Page 355
Management Issue: Managing the External Environment......Page 357
REFLECTIONS ON DESIGNING AND MANAGING THE DHS......Page 358
Differentiation Perspective......Page 360
Performance Outcomes......Page 361
What Implications Does the DNM have for the DHS?......Page 362
CONCLUSION......Page 363
References......Page 364