Biopolymer Composites: Production and Modification from Tropical Wood and Non-Wood Raw Materials

✍ Scribed by Sapuan S.M., Al Edrus S.S.O., Shamsuri A.A., Ghani A.A., Abdan K. (ed.)

• Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 304
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Biopolymer Composites covers a wide range of materials used in biocomposite products, from biopolymer, wood fiber, wood, and non-wood species. It discusses the preparation of the material, processing and end applications, and also reviews wood quality improvement through different types of treatments.
Compiles numerous raw material sources from tropical wood and non-wood species for biopolymer composites.
Includes biocomposite production and modification.
Ideal for students, researchers and industry professionals interested in biocomposites.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Also of interest
Biopolymer Composites: Production and Modification from Tropical Wood and Non-Wood Raw Materials
Copyright
About the editors
Preface
Contents
List of contributing authors
1. Polybutylene succinate (PBS)/natural fiber green composites: melt blending processes and tensile properties
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Preparations of green composites
1.2.1 Melt blending
1.2.2 Composite molding
1.3 Tensile properties of green composites
1.3.1 Tensile properties of green composites at low natural fiber loading
1.3.2 Tensile properties of green composites at high natural fiber loading
1.4 Challenges and future recommendations
1.5 Conclusions
References
2. Material selection and conceptual design in natural fibre composites
2.1 Natural fibres composites
2.2 Material selection
2.3 Conceptual design
2.3.1 Case study on conceptual design development using brainstorming method
References
3. Amine compounds post-treatment on formaldehyde emission and properties of urea formaldehyde bonded particleboard
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Objectives
3.2 Materials and methods
3.2.1 Preparation of materials
3.2.2 Particleboard fabrication
3.2.3 Post treatment with amine compound
3.2.4 Properties evaluation of particleboard
3.2.4.1 Formaldehyde emission test by desiccator method
3.2.4.2 Evaluation of physical properties
3.2.4.3 Evaluation of mechanical properties
3.2.5 Statistical analysis
3.3 Results and discussion
3.3.1 Formaldehyde emission of particleboard
3.3.2 Physical and mechanical properties of the post-treated particleboard
3.4 Conclusions
References
4. Manufacturing defects of woven natural fibre thermoset composites
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Advantageous of woven composites
4.3 Fabrication method of woven thermoset composites
4.3.1 Hand lay-up and wet laminate
4.3.2 Resin transfer moulding (RTM)
4.3.3 Compression resin transfer moulding (CRTM)
4.3.4 Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM)
4.3.5 Vacuum bagging process
4.4 Epoxy composite failure and manufacturing
4.5 Future direction toward sustainable and green materials
4.6 Conclusion
References
5. Manufacturing defects and interfacial adhesion of Arenga Pinnata and kenaf fibre reinforced fibreglass/kevlar hybrid composite in boat construction application
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Preparation of materials
5.2.2 Impact test
5.2.3 Scanning electron microscopy
5.3 Result and discussion
5.3.1 Determination of manufacturing defect by using scanning electron microscopy
5.3.2 Correlation of manufacturing defects and interfacial adhesion to impact properties
5.4 Conclusions
References
6. Wettability of keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) wood after weathering under tropical climate
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and methods
6.2.1 Preparation of samples
6.2.2 Observation of crack formation
6.2.3 Evaluation of wettability
6.2.4 Evaluation of chemical analysis
6.2.5 Statistical analysis
6.3 Results and discussion
6.3.1 Visual observation
6.3.2 Wettability
6.3.3 Lignin content
6.4 Conclusions
References
7. Mechanical performance and failure characteristics of cross laminated timber (CLT) manufactured from tropical hardwoods species
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Material and methods
7.2.1 Samples preparation
7.2.2 Production of CLT
7.2.3 Evaluation of mechanical properties and observation on failure characteristics of CLT
7.2.4 Statistical analysis
7.3 Results and discussion
7.3.1 Mechanical properties
7.3.2 Failure characteristics
7.4 Conclusions
References
Nurul Ain Maidin, Salit Mohd Sapuan*, Mastura Mohammad Taha and Zuhri
8. Constructing a framework for selecting natural fibres as reinforcements composites based on grey relational analysis
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Methodology
8.2.1 Proposed Framework
8.2.2 Data collection
8.3 Results and discussion
8.3.1 Grey relational sequence generation
8.3.2 Derivation of reference sequence
8.3.3 Calculation of GRG
8.4 Conclusions
References
9. Thermal properties of wood flour reinforced polyamide 6 biocomposites by twin screw extrusion
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Experimental
9.2.1 Materials
9.2.2 Fabrication of waste wood flour/polyamide 6 composites
9.2.3 Thermal analysis
9.2.3.1 Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA)
9.2.3.2 Different scanning calorimeter (DSC)
9.2.3.3 Dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA)
9.3 Result and discussion
9.3.1 Thermal Gravimetric Analysis Results
9.3.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry Results
9.3.3 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Results
9.4 Conclusions
References
10. Characterization of lignocellulosic S. persica fibre and its composites: a review
10.1 Introduction
10.2 History of S. persica tree and its fibre
10.3 Uses of S. persica tree
10.4 Characterization of S. persica fibre
10.4.1 Structure and chemical composition of natural fibre
10.4.2 S. persica stem cell wall ultrastructure
10.4.3 S. persica stem composition and structure
10.5 S. persica based polymer composite
10.5.1 Effect S. persica on the physical properties of composites
10.5.2 Effect S. persica on the mechanical properties of composites
10.5.3 Effect S. persica on the thermal properties of composite
10.6 Limitations of S. persica as filler or reinforcement agent
10.7 Conclusions and perspective
References
11. An overview of mechanical and corrosion properties of aluminium matrix composites reinforced with plant based natural fibres
Abbreviations
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Types of plant based natural fibre
11.1.1.1 Rice husk ash (RHA)
11.1.1.2 Coconut shell ash (CSA)
11.1.1.3 Groundnut shell ash (GSA)
11.1.1.4 Palm kernel shell ash (PKSA)
11.1.1.5 Bagasse ash (BA)
11.1.1.6 Bamboo leaf ash (BLA)
11.2 Fabrication techniques of plant based natural fibre Al-matrix composites
11.2.1 Liquid fabrication route
11.2.1.1 Stir casting route
11.2.1.2 Friction stir processing route
11.2.1.3 Compo-casting route
11.2.2 Solid fabrication route
11.2.2.1 Powder metallurgy route
11.3 Properties of plant based natural fibre reinforced AMCs
11.3.1 Mechanical properties of plant based natural fibre reinforced AMCs
11.3.2 Corrosion characteristics of plant based natural fibre Al-matrix composite
11.3.3 Microstructure of plant based natural fibre reinforced AMCs
11.4 Conclusions
References
12. Physical and mechanical properties of Acacia mangium plywood after sanding treatment
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Materials and methods
12.2.1 A. mangium log
12.2.2 Sanding treatment of veneer surface
12.2.3 A. mangium plywood
12.2.4 Testing
12.2.4.1 Surface properties
12.2.4.2 Mechanical properties
12.2.4.3 Physical properties and dimensional stability
12.2.4.4 Data analysis
12.3 Results and discussion
12.3.1 Wettability of veneer on surface properties
12.4 Physical and mechanical properties of plywood
12.5 Conclusions
References
13. Effect of sugarcane bagasse on thermal and mechanical properties of thermoplastic cassava starch/beeswax composites
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Materials and methods
13.2.1 Materials
13.2.2 Fabrication of composite
13.2.3 Mechanical testing
13.2.3.1 Tensile test
13.2.3.2 Impact test
13.2.3.3 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
13.2.3.4 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
13.2.4 Thermal testing
13.2.4.1 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
13.2.4.2 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
13.3 Results and discussion
13.3.1 Mechanical testing
13.3.1.1 Tensile testing
13.3.1.2 Impact testing
13.3.2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
13.3.3 SEM micrograph
13.3.4 Thermal testing
13.3.4.1 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
13.3.4.2 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
13.4 Conclusions
References
14. The properties of 3D printed poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene-adipate-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend and oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) reinforced PLA/PBAT composites used in fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Materials and methodology
14.2.1 Materials
14.2.2 Preparation of PLA/PBAT blend filament
14.2.3 Preparation of 3D printed PLA/PBAT blend and PLA/PBAT/EFB composite
14.2.4 FDM 3D printing software preparation
14.2.5 Characterizations of 3D printed PLA/PBAT blend and PLA/PBAT/EFB composite
14.2.5.1 Mechanical properties
14.2.5.1.1 Tensile properties
14.2.5.1.2 Impact properties
14.2.5.2 Morphological analysis
14.2.5.2.1 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
14.3 Result and discussion
14.3.1 Mechanical properties
14.3.1.1 Tensile properties
14.3.1.2 Impact properties
14.3.2 Morphological analysis
14.3.2.1 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
14.4 Conclusions
References
15. Properties of plybamboo manufactured from two Malaysian bamboo species—
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Materials and methods
15.2.1 Preparation of plybamboo
15.2.2 Evaluation of bonding properties
15.2.3 Evaluation of physical properties
15.2.4 Evaluation of mechanical properties
15.2.5 Statistical analysis
15.3 Results and discussion
15.3.1 Shear strength and bamboo failure percentage
15.3.2 Physical properties
15.4 Mechanical properties
15.5 Conclusions
References
16. Fundamental study of commercial polylactic acid and coconut fiber/polylactic acid filaments for 3D printing
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Methodology and experimental setup
16.2.1 Research methodology and bio-composite fabrication
16.2.2 Materials
16.2.3 Characterization
16.3 Results and discussion
16.3.1 Tensile testing
16.3.2 Flexural testing
16.3.3 Compression testing
16.3.4 Impact testing
16.3.5 Dynamic mechanical analysis testing (DMA)
16.4 Conclusions
References
17. Flexural analysis of hemp, kenaf and glass fibre-reinforced polyester resin
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Methods
17.2.1 Materials
17.2.2 Fabrication of hybrid composites
17.2.3 Flexural test
17.3 Results and discussion
17.3.1 Effect of different fibre core material on flexural properties of hybrid composites
17.3.2 Effect of different core thickness on flexural properties of hybrid composites
17.3.3 Effect of fibre arrangement on flexural properties of hybrid composites
17.4 Conclusions
References
18. Effect of stacking sequence on tensile properties of glass, hemp and kenaf hybrid composites
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Material and method
18.2.1 Material
18.2.2 Preparation of hybrid composite
18.2.3 Tensile test
18.3 Results and discussion
18.3.1 Effect of different core material on tensile properties of hybrid composite laminates
18.3.2 Effect of core thickness on tensile properties of hybrid composite laminates
18.3.3 Effect of fibre arrangement on tensile properties of hybrid composite
18.4 Conclusions
References
19. Investigation on impact properties of different type of fibre form: hybrid hemp/glass and kenaf/glass composites
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Materials and methods
19.2.1 Material
19.2.2 Hybrid Composites Fabrications
19.2.3 Drop Weight Impact Test
19.3 Results and discussion
19.3.1 Effect of different core material on impact properties of hybrid composites
19.3.2 Effect of core thickness on impact properties of hybrid composites
19.3.3 Effect of fibre arrangement on impact properties of hybrid composites
19.3.4 Damage Evaluation of hybrid composites
19.4 Conclusions
References
Index