Biopesticides: Volume 2: Advances in Bio-inoculants (Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition)

✍ Scribed by Amitava Rakshit (editor), Vijay Singh Meena (editor), P.C. Abhilash (editor), B.K. Sarma (editor), H B Singh (editor), Leonardo Fraceto (editor), Manoj Parihar (editor), Anand Kumar (editor)

• Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 448
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Biopesticide: Volume Two, the latest release in the Advances in Bioinoculant series, provides an updated overview on the active substances utilized in current bioinsecticides, along with information on which of them can be used for integrated pest management programs in agro-ecosystems. The book presents a comprehensive look at the development of novel solutions against new targets, also introducing new technologies that enhance the efficacy of already available active substances. Finally, readers will find insights into the advanced molecular studies on insect microbial community diversity that are opening new frontiers in the development of innovative pest management strategies.

This book will be valuable to those prioritizing agro biodiversity management to address optimal productizing and enhanced food security.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Cover
Biopesticides
Biopesticides: Volume 2: Advances in Bio-inoculants
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
1 - Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticides for integrated crop management
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The early beginning of Bacillus thuringiensis as biopesticide
1.3 The past last twenty years of B. thuringiensis as biopesticide
1.4 The present and the future of B. thuringiensis as biopesticide
1.5 Conclusions and perspectives
References
2 - Biopesticides for management of arthropod pests and weeds
2.1 Agriculture and pests
2.1.1 Synthetic pesticides and challenges
2.1.2 From pesticides to biopesticides
2.2 Inconsistencies in understanding the term “biopesticides”
2.2.1 Microbial biopesticides
2.2.1.1 Bacterial bioinsecticides
2.2.1.2 Bacterial bioherbicide
2.2.1.3 Fungal bioinsecticides
2.2.1.4 Fungal bioherbicides
2.2.1.5 Viral bioinsecticides
2.2.1.6 Viral bioherbicides
2.2.2 Nematodes biopesticides
2.3 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)
2.4 Biochemical pesticides
2.4.1 Pheromones
2.4.2 Plant essential oils
2.5 The biopesticides market and challenges
2.5.1 Bioinsecticides
2.5.2 Bioherbicides
References
3 - Biopesticide formulations - current challenges and future perspectives
3.1 Introduction
3.2 A view through history
3.3 Regulatory framework
3.4 Diversity of biopesticides
3.5 Formulation of biopesticides
3.6 Biopesticides market
3.7 Challenges and future perspectives
References
4 - Application technology of biopesticides
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Coverage
4.2.1 Crop
4.2.2 Biological target
4.2.3 Biopesticide
4.3 Biopesticides and adjuvants
4.4 Mixture of biopesticides and pesticides
4.5 Influence of climatic factors on the application of biopesticides
4.5.1 Relative humidity and temperature
4.5.2 Wind speed and direction
4.5.3 Timing of biopesticides application
4.6 Final considerations
References
5 - Microbial pesticides: trends, scope and adoption for plant and soil improvement
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Types of microbial pesticides
5.2.1 Bacteria
5.2.1.1 Bacillaceae
5.2.1.2 Paenibacillaceae
5.2.1.3 Streptomycetaceae
5.2.1.4 Pseudonocardiaceae
5.2.1.5 Morganellaceae and enterobacteriaceae
5.2.1.6 Yersiniaceae
5.2.1.7 Pseudomonadaceae
5.2.2 Fungi
5.2.2.1 Cordycipitaceae
5.2.2.2 Clavicipitaceae
5.2.2.3 Ophiocordycipitaceae
5.2.3 Microsporidia
5.2.3.1 Nosematidae
5.2.4 Virus
5.2.4.1 Baculoviridae
5.2.4.2 Reoviridae
5.2.5 Genetically modified microbes
5.2.6 Microbes supporting plants and soil health
5.2.6.1 Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
5.2.6.2 Plant growth-promoting fungi
5.3 Trends and market demand for microbial pesticide
5.3.1 Global market reports on use of microbial pesticides
5.3.1.1 North America
5.3.1.2 Europe
5.3.1.3 Asia Pacific
5.3.1.4 Latin America
5.3.1.5 Middle East and Africa
5.4 Registration and regulation of microbial pesticide globally
5.5 Conclusion and future prospects
Acknowledgments
References
6 - Entomopathogenic nematodes: a sustainable option for insect pest management
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Baiting, isolation, multiplication of EPNs
6.3 Identification of EPNs
6.4 The liaison between EPNs and mutualistic bacteria and their identification
6.5 Lifes cycle, pathogenicity and host range of EPNs
6.5.1 Pathogenicity
6.5.2 Host range
6.6 Mass production, formulation development and application
6.6.1 Types of formulations
6.6.1.1 Aqueous suspensions
6.6.1.2 Gels
6.6.1.3 Sponges
6.6.1.4 Clay and powder
6.6.1.5 Application
6.7 Application of EPN genomics to enhance the field efficacy
6.8 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
7 - Scientific and technological trajectories for sustainable agricultural solutions: the case of biopesticides
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Method
7.3 Discussion and analysis of results
7.3.1 Scientific trajectory
7.4 Technological trajectory
7.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
8 - Biopesticides: a genetics, genomics, and molecular biology perspective
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Advantages of application biopesticides in pest management
8.1.1.1 Microbial biopesticides
8.1.1.2 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)
8.1.1.3 Biochemical biopesticides
8.2 Market trends of biopesticides
8.3 Factors for increasing trends toward biopesticides
8.4 Constraints for the applications of biopesticides
8.5 Role of genetic engineering in context of biopesticides
8.5.1 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
8.5.2 Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs)
8.5.3 Baculoviruses
8.5.4 RNAi based biopesticides
8.5.5 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)
8.5.6 Entomopathogenic fungi
8.5.7 Botanical biopesticides
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 - Bacillus thuringiensis, a remarkable biopesticide: from lab to the field
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Isolation and epizootic potential of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
9.3 Nomenclature and characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry pesticidal proteins
9.4 Mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins
9.5 Development of Bacillus thuringiensis formulations
9.6 Bacillus thuringiensis compatibility with natural enemies and Bt plants
9.6.1 Final considerations
References
10 - Biopesticides for management of arthropod pests and weeds
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Bioherbicides
10.2.1 Plant extracts and essential oils with herbicidal activity
10.2.2 Bioherbicides produced by microorganisms
10.3 Biopesticides against harmful arthropodes
10.4 Nanoscale biopesticide formulations against arthropod pests and weeds
10.4.1 Bioherbicides in nanoformulations
10.4.2 Biopesticide nanoformulations against anthropodes
10.4.2.1 Nanoemulsions of botanical insecticides
10.4.2.2 Green-synthesized metal nanoparticles
10.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
11 - Salvia leucantha essential oil encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles with toxicity and feeding physiology of ...
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Materials and methods
11.2.1 Plant material
11.2.2 Extraction of S. leucantha essential oil
11.3 Qualitative analysis
11.3.1 Phytochemical analysis
11.4 Test for flavonoids
11.5 Test for alkaloids
11.6 Test for tannins
11.7 Test for phenolics
11.8 Test for terpenoids
11.9 Test for saponins
11.10 Test for glycosides
11.11 GCMS analysis of essential oil of S. leucantha
11.11.1 GC–MS specification
11.11.2 GC–MS analysis
11.12 Collection and processing of crab shells
11.13 Isolation and extraction of chitosan from crab shell
11.13.1 Structure of chitosan
11.14 Chitosan nanoparticles preparation with essential oil
11.15 Characterization of essential oil loaded chitosan nanomaterials
11.16 H. armigera and S. litura rearing
11.17 Rearing of P. xylostella
11.18 Toxicity against the H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella
11.19 Impact on longevity and fecundity of H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella
11.20 Quantitative food utilization efficiency measures
11.21 Amylase, protease, proteinase, and lipase assay
11.22 Statistical analysis
11.23 Results and discussion
11.23.1 Phytochemical screening for essential oil of Salvia leucantha
11.24 GC–MS analysis
11.25 Characterization of essential oil loaded chitosan nanoparticles
11.25.1 UV-VIS spectral analysis of essential oil loaded chitosan nanoparticles
11.26 SEM analysis
11.27 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis
11.28 FTIR analysis of essential oil chitosan nanoparticles
11.29 Zeta potential measurements
11.30 Larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity against H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella
11.31 Impact of S. leucantha essential oil and encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles on insect longevity and fecundity
11.32 Food utilization measures
11.33 Gut digestive enzymes of H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella larvae
11.34 Conclusion
References
12 - Microbial bio-pesticide as sustainable solution for management of pests: achievements and prospects
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Biochemical pesticides
12.1.2 Microbial pesticides
12.1.3 Plant incorporated protectants
12.2 Biochemical pesticides
12.2.1 Insect pheromones
12.3 The few examples of pheromones used in agricultural pest management are as follows
12.3.1 Chitosan
12.3.2 Plant extract biopesticides
12.4 Microbial biopesticides
12.5 Bacteria as biopesticides
12.6 Members of Bacilliaceae as biopesticides (spore formers)
12.6.1 Paenibacillus popilliae (Bacillus popillae) and B. lentimorbus
12.6.2 Lysinibacills sphaericus (Bacillus sphaericus)
12.6.3 Bacillus subtilis
12.6.4 Bacillus firmus
12.6.5 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
12.6.6 Antimicrobial activity of B. thuringiensis based biopesticides
12.6.7 Bacillus thuringiens is used as nano pesticides
12.7 Members of Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae as biopesticides (non-spore formers)
12.7.1 Pseudomonadaceae
12.8 Enterobacteriaceae
12.8.1 Fungi as biopesticides
12.8.2 Trichoderma spp. as biopesticide
12.9 Coniothyrium minitans as biopesticide
12.10 Gliocladium catenulatum as biopesticide
12.10.1 Purpureocillium lilacinum as biopesticide
12.10.2 Beauveria bassiana as biopesticide
12.10.3 Lecanicillium (Verticillium) lecanii as biopesticide
12.10.4 Endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents
12.11 Yeast as biocontrol agents
12.11.1 Insect viruses as biopesticides
12.11.2 Protozoans as biopesticides
12.12 Plant incorporated protectants: genetically modified (GM) crops
12.13 Advantages of microbial biopesticides
12.14 Disadvantages of microbial biopesticides
References
13 - Nano bio pesticide: today and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
14 - Current development, application and constraints of biopesticides in plant disease management
14.1 Introduction
14.2 History of synthetic pesticides used in plant disease evolution
14.3 Current global scenario
14.4 Biopesticides
14.5 Classification of biopesticides
14.6 Microbial biopesticides
14.7 Insight into popular fungal and bacterial biopesticides used in plant disease management
14.7.1 Trichoderma spp
14.8 Mass production of Trichoderma for commercial purpose
14.8.1 Pseudomonas fluorescens
14.9 Formulations for P. fluorescens
14.9.1 Organic carriers
14.9.2 Inorganic carriers
14.10 Methods
14.10.1 Powder formulations
14.11 Liquid formulation
14.11.1 Bacillus sp.
14.11.1.1 Carriers used
14.11.1.2 Liquid formulations
14.11.1.3 Dry formulations
14.11.1.4 Some commercial names of the products
14.12 Improvement of formulation efficacy
14.13 Molecular approach for improvement of formulation efficacy
14.13.1 Protoplast fusion
14.13.2 Genetic recombination
14.13.3 Mutation
14.14 Development of compatible consortia for improvement of formulation efficiency
14.14.1 Combining various microbes
14.14.2 Combining different mode of action
14.14.3 Development of strain mixtures
14.15 General mode of actions of microbial pesticides against plant pathogens
14.16 Nanobiopesticides
14.17 Biopesticides and their association with growth promoter
14.18 Inducer of systemic resistance in plant against plant pathogen
14.19 Botanical biopesticides usage against plant pathogen
14.20 Essential oils
14.21 Advantages and limitations of biopesticides
14.21.1 Advantages
14.21.2 Limitations
14.22 Factors affecting biopesticides marketing
14.23 Conclusion
References
15 - Insights into the genomes of microbial biopesticides
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Entomopathogenic bacteria
15.1.2 Entomopathogenic fungi
15.1.3 Viral biopesticides
15.1.4 Entomopathogenic nematodes
15.1.5 Entomopathogenic protozoans
15.2 Advantages of genetic manipulation and their commercialization
15.3 Conclusions
References
16 - Genetic engineering intervention in crop plants for developing biopesticides
16.1 Biopesticides
16.2 Engineering of Bt genes for insect resistance
16.3 Bt cotton adoption in India
16.4 Genetic engineering approaches for combating aphid infestation in crop plants
16.5 Applications of RNA interference (RNAi) to control pests
16.6 Applications of genome editing to control pests
16.7 Future perspectives
References
17 - Medicinal plants associated microflora as an unexplored niche of biopesticide
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Medicinal plant diversity in India
17.1.2 Niche of microflora
17.2 Plant-microbe association
17.2.1 Rhizospheric association of microbes
17.2.2 Phyllospheric association of microbes
17.2.3 Endophytic microbiome association with medicinal plants
17.3 Relative factors between microflora and plants
17.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
18 - Trichoderma: a potential biopesticide for sustainable management of wilt disease of crops
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Trichoderma in the control of wilt disease
18.3 Mechanism of biocontrol by Trichoderma in the control of wilt pathogens
18.3.1 Competition
18.3.2 Mycoparasitism
18.3.3 Cell wall degrading enzymes
18.3.4 Antibiosis by antimicrobial metabolites
18.3.5 Induced systemic resistance
18.4 Conclusion
References
19 - Biological inoculants and biopesticides in small fruit and vegetable production in California
19.1 Bioinoculants in strawberry
19.2 Bioinoculants in tomato
19.3 Biopesticides in strawberry and grapes
19.4 Biopesticides in vegetables
19.5 Non-entomopathogenic roles of hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi
19.6 Strategies and implications for sustainable food production
19.7 Conclusions
References
20 - Development and regulation of microbial pesticides in the post-genomic era
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Development of the microbial biopesticide
20.2.1 Plant growth regulators play crucial role in development of biopesticides
20.2.2 Siderophores causes iron limiting conditions for many pathogenic pests
20.2.3 Antibiosis, an important criterion for development of the microbial biopesticides
20.3 Microbial pesticides: brief description
20.3.1 Bacteria as biopesticides
20.3.2 Viruses as biopesticides
20.3.3 Fungi as biopesticides
20.3.4 Nematodes as biopesticides
20.3.5 Protozoan as biopesticides
20.4 Genetic improvements of microbial pesticides
20.5 Regulation and commercialization of microbial pesticides
20.6 Microbial pesticides in the post-genomic era
20.7 Future prospects
Acknowledgments
References
21 - Microbial biopesticides for sustainable agricultural practices
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Microbial biopesticides
21.2.1 Bacterial biopesticides
21.2.2 Viral biopesticides
21.2.3 Fungal biopesticides/mycopesticides
21.2.4 Nematode biopesticides
21.2.5 Protozoan biopesticides
21.2.6 Algal biopesticides
21.3 Microbial products in biopesticides
21.4 Current status of biopesticides in India
21.4.1 Registration norms and regulation of microbial biopesticides
21.4.2 Evolution of microbial biopesticides for the management of insect pest in India
21.5 Current advancement in the microbial biopesticides in the field of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics
21.6 Conclusion and future directions
References
22 - Use of microbial consortia for broad spectrum protection of plant pathogens: regulatory hurdles, present statu ...
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Biological control
22.3 Microbial consortium
22.4 Characteristics of microbial consortium
22.5 Microbial consortium mediated plant defense mechanism in biological control
22.6 Different types of microbial consortium
22.6.1 Fungal and fungal
22.6.2 Bacterial and bacterial
22.6.3 Fungal and bacterial
22.6.4 Algae and bacteria
22.7 Need for development of biopesticides containing microbial consortium
22.7.1 Biopesticide
22.7.2 Microbial pesticides
22.8 Current status of Indian biopesticide sector
22.9 Hurdles in commercialization of microbial based products in India
22.9.1 Regulatory framework and challenges for biopesticides in India
22.9.2 Future prospects
22.10 Conclusion
References
23 - Biocides through pyrolytic degradation of biomass: potential, recent advancements and future prospects
23.1 Introduction
23.1.1 Bio-pesticides: a green alternative to synthetic pesticide
23.2 Pyrolysis-an efficient technology
23.3 Pyrolytic feedstock
23.4 Products of pyrolysis
23.5 Acetic acid as potential product
23.5.1 Chemical composition of wood vinegar
23.5.2 Eco-toxicology of pyrolytic products
23.6 Acetic acid eco-toxicology
23.7 Quinone eco-toxicology
23.8 Catechol eco-toxicology
23.9 Phenol eco-toxicology
23.10 Other alcohol
23.10.1 Disadvantage
23.11 Future prospects
References
24 - Trichoderma: agricultural applications and beyond
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Achieving UN sustainable development goals (SDGs)
24.3 Pesticides consumption in the management of pests
24.4 Benefits of microbes in rhizosphere
24.5 Soil borne diseases and plant pathogens
24.5.1 Trichoderma–a fungus of unique characteristics
24.5.1.1 Description
Growth
Morphological description
Mycelium
Conidiophores
Phialides
Conidia
Chlamydospores
Teleomorphs
24.5.1.2 Ecology and biodiversity
Habitat
Distribution
Trichoderma as endophytes
24.5.1.3 Identification of Trichoderma spp. and their strains
Morphological
Molecular
24.5.2 Trichoderma spp. in agricultural application
24.5.2.1 Trichoderma spp. as biocontrol agents for management of diseases in crops
Mode of action
Competition for food, space and nutrients
Antibiosis and lysis
Hyperparasitism/mycoparasitism and predation
Induction and exploitation of induced systemic resistance against different stresses
24.5.2.2 Management of biotic and abiotic stresses in crop plants
Management of biotic stresses i.e. diseases of crops
Management of abiotic stresses
Drought stress
Salinity stress
Stress of heavy metals in soils
Stress of extreme temperatures i.e. cold and heat waves
24.5.2.3 Trichoderma spp. as crops growth enhancer
Biofertilizer
Phosphate solubilization
Increase in minerals and yield in crops
Decomposer of organic matter
Bioremediation
24.5.2.4 Delivery systems for management of stresses and plant growth
Seed treatment
Seed biopriming
Treatment of planting materials
Seedlings root dip
Nursery soil treatment
Soil treatment
Plant treatment
Through drip irrigation water
Bee vectoring
Transgenic plants
Soilless and hydroponic systems
24.5.3 Trichoderma spp. in sustainable environment
24.5.3.1 Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from cultivated crop fields
24.5.3.2 Wood preservation
24.5.3.3 Industrial bioreactors
24.5.4 Commercialization of Trichoderma spp.
24.5.4.1 Isolation
24.5.4.2 Sensitivity against agro-chemicals
24.5.4.3 Standardization of mass production of Trichoderma spp. in solid and liquid state media
Solid state fermentation
Liquid state fermentation
Substrate/carrier materials for solid formulationns
24.5.4.4 Formulations of Trichoderma spp.
Carriers based formulations of Trichoderma spp. i.e
Liquid formulations
24.5.5 Advantages, challenges, constaints in sustainability of Trichoderma based disease management technology and future course o ...
References
25 - Exploring the potential role of Trichoderma as friends of plants foes for bacterial plant pathogens
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Mechanisms
25.2.1 Competition with pathogens for space and nutrients
25.2.2 Antibiosis
25.2.3 Cell wall degrading enzymes
25.2.4 Plant growth promotion
25.2.5 Induced systemic resistance (ISR)
25.3 Trichogenic-nanoparticles and its application in crop protection
25.4 Conclusions
References
26 - Advance molecular tools to detect plant pathogens
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Molecular techniques of plant disease detection
26.3 Spectroscopic and imaging techniques
26.4 Fluorescence spectroscopy
26.5 Visible and infrared spectroscopy
26.6 Fluorescence imaging
26.7 Hyper spectral imaging
26.8 Other imaging techniques
26.9 Profiling of plant volatile organic compounds
26.10 Electronic nose system
26.11 GC–MS
26.12 Fluorescence in-situ hybridization
26.13 Hyper spectral techniques
26.14 Biosensor platforms based on nonmaterials
26.15 Affinity biosensors
26.16 Antibody-based biosensors
26.17 DNA/RNA-based affinity biosensor
26.18 Enzymatic electrochemical biosensors
26.19 Bacteriophage based biosensors
26.20 Affinity-based biosensors
26.21 Genetically-encoded biosensors
26.22 Spectroscopic and imaging techniques
26.22.1 Fluorescence spectroscopy
26.22.2 Visible and infrared spectroscopy
26.23 Conclusion
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
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