Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Manipulation of Mechanical and Functional Properties of the Ti-Au-Based Shape Memory Alloys by Transition Metal Introduction
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Experimental
1.2.1: Chemicals
1.2.2: Alloy Fabrication
1.2.3: Phase Identification and Lattice Parameter Analysis
1.2.4: Microstructure Observation and Composition Analysis
1.2.5: Mechanical Property Evaluations
1.2.5.1: Bending examinations
1.2.5.2: Tensile examinations
1.3: Ti-4Au-5M Alloy Systems
1.3.1: Cold Workability
1.3.2: Phase Identification
1.3.3: Mechanical Behavior Evaluations
1.3.3.1: Bending examinations
1.3.3.2: Continuous tensile examinations
1.3.3.3: Cyclic loading-unloading tensile examinations
1.3.4: Brief Summaries of the Ti-4Au-5M Alloys
1.4: Ti-4Au-5Cr-nTa Alloy System
1.4.1: Cold Workability
1.4.2: Phase Identification
1.4.3: Mechanical Behavior Evaluations
1.4.3.1: Continuous tensile examinations
1.4.3.2: Elongation vs Ta amount
1.4.3.3: Yielding stress vs Ta amount
1.4.3.4: UTS vs Ta amount
1.4.3.5: UTS vs yielding stress
1.4.3.6: Cyclic loading-unloading tensile examinations
1.4.4: Shape Recovery
1.4.5: Brief Summaries of the Ti-4Au-5Cr-nTa Alloys
Chapter 2: Ceramics for Bone Repair and Cancer Therapy
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Ceramics for Bone Repair
2.2.1: Bioresponsive Materials
2.2.2: Antibacterial Materials
2.3: Ceramics for Cancer Therapy
2.3.1: Ceramics for Radiotherapy
2.3.2: Ceramics for Hyperthermia
2.4: Summary
Chapter 3: Hydrophilic Treatment Using Atmospheric Pressure Low-Temperature Plasma
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Atmospheric Pressure Low-Temperature Plasma
3.2.1: Direct and Remote Processing
3.2.2: Dielectric Barrier Discharge
3.2.3: Multi-Gas Plasma Jet
3.3: Hydrophilic Treatment Using Atmospheric Pressure Low-Temperature Plasma
3.3.1: Evaluation Method of Hydrophilicity
3.3.2: Hydrophilization Effect on Polyimide Film
3.3.3: Duration of Hydrophilic Effect by Nitrogen Plasma Treatment
3.4: Hydrophilization Effect on Biomaterials
3.4.1: Hydrophilization Effect on PFA
3.4.2: Hydrophilization Effect on Silicone Rubber Sheet
3.5: Summary
Chapter 4: Microwave Imaging Algorithms for Breast Cancer Detection
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Fundamental Principle
4.3: Imaging Algorithm for Breast Cancer Detection
4.4: Review of Recent Progress
4.5: Conclusion
Chapter 5: Synergy of Data Glove-Based Motion Tracking and Functional Electrical Stimulation for Rehabilitation and Assisted Learning
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Components, Devices, and Equipment
5.2.1: Rapid Response Widely Stretchable CNT-Based Strain Sensors
5.2.2: High-Fidelity Data Gloves with Embedded CNT Strain Sensors
5.2.3: Belt-Shaped Multi-Pad Electrodes
5.2.4: Multichannel FES Equipment
5.3: Data Processing Framework
5.3.1: Registering the Set of Target Finger Bending Postures Provided by the Reference Hand
5.3.2: Identifying the Optimal Stimulation Electrode Combinations by Pairing and Scanning
5.3.3: Applying Electrical Stimulation Patterns to the Target Hand to Match Finger Bending Postures of the Reference Hand
5.3.4: Possible Optimizations of the Electrode Selection Process
5.4: Application Examples
5.4.1: Employing FES for Restoring the Hand and Finger Motor Functions
5.4.2: Employing FES for Facilitating the Mobile Malossi Alphabet Learning
5.5: Conclusion and Further Developments
Chapter 6: Motion Estimation from Surface EMG Signals Using Multi-Array Electrodes
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Human Interface
6.3: Multi-Array Measurement System
6.3.1: Multi-Array Electrode System
6.3.2: Independent Component Analysis
6.3.3: Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
6.4: Motion Control
6.4.1: Motor Control Issue
6.4.2: Posture Control
6.4.3: Muscle Synergy
6.5: Applications
6.5.1: Prosthetic Hand
6.5.2: Rehabilitation
6.6: Summary
Chapter 7: Low-Power Wireless Transmitter with Quadrature Backscattering Technique
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Basics of Backscattering
7.3: Quadrature Backscattering
7.3.1: Method Based on MOS Transistors as Variable Resistors
7.3.2: Proposed Quadrature Backscattering Technique
7.4: Block Diagram and Circuit Implementation
7.5: Measurement Results
7.6: Summary
Chapter 8: Representation by Extended Reality in X-Ray Three-Dimensional Imaging
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Three-Dimensional Representation of X-Ray CT Using Two-Dimensional Tomograms
8.3: Three-Dimensional Representation of X-Ray Computed Tomography Data Using Extended Reality
8.4: Three-Dimensional Pointing Using Extended Reality and Motion Capture
8.5: Application of Extended Reality Technology in the Medical Field
Chapter 9: Refractive Index Measurement by Photodiode with Surface Plasmon Antenna and Its Application to Biosensing
9.1: Introduction
9.2: PD with SP Antenna
9.3: Refractive Index Measurement
9.4: Two-PD Method
9.5: Sensing of Biomolecules
9.6: Conclusion
Chapter 10: Application of THz Spectroscopy for Crystal-Structure Refinement of Bio-Related Molecules and Functional Materials
10.1: Introduction
10.2: Methods
10.2.1: Gallium Phosphide-Continuous Wave-THz, THz-Time-Domain Spectroscopy, and Far-IR Measurements
10.2.2: Calculations
10.3: Determination of the Positions of H Atoms in SCPLA
10.4: Analysis of the F/H Occupation in Form I of Diflunisal
10.5: Analysis of the Orientation of MA in HOI Perovskite
10.6: Characterization of the Order and Disorder Zones in PGA Films
10.7: Conclusion
Chapter 11: Organic Molecule-Containing Electrically Conductive Electron Beam Resist for Organic Biosensors with Nanostructures
11.1: Introduction
11.2: PCBM-Containing ZEP520A
11.2.1: Results
11.2.2: Application to Biosensor
11.3: ALQ3-Containing ZEP520A
11.3.1: Results
11.3.2: Application to Biosensor
11.4: Summary
Chapter 12: mRNA Medicines and mRNA Vaccines
12.1: Design and Construction of Template DNAs for In Vitro Transcription
12.1.1: Promoter
12.1.2: Protein-Coding Region
12.1.3: UTR
12.1.4: Poly(A) Tail
12.2: In Vitro Transcription and Purification of mRNAs
12.3: Carriers for mRNA Delivery
Chapter 13: Fabrication of Decellularized Tissue for Biomedical Application
13.1: Introduction
13.2: Decellularization Methods
13.2.1: Chemical Decellularization Method
13.2.2: Physical Decellularization Method
13.3: Properties of Decellularized Tissue
13.4: Applications of Decellularized Tissue
13.5: Decellularized Organs
13.6: Application of Decellularized Tissue Powder
13.7: Functionalization of Decellularized Tissue
13.7.1: dECM Gels
13.7.2: Composites
13.8: Conclusion
Chapter 14: Bioengineering Challenges in Regenerative Medicine: Biofunctional Materials Design
14.1: Introduction
14.2: Bioengineering Challenges in Regenerative Medicine
14.3: Engineered Polypeptides as Building Blocks for Biofunctional Materials
14.4: Biofunctional Materials Design Principles
14.5: Incorporation of Integrin-Binding Polypeptides
14.6: Incorporation of Protein Factors
14.7: Summary
Chapter 15: Development of Etak, an Ethoxysilane-Based Immobilized Antibacterial and Antiviral Agent
15.1: Immobilized Antimicrobial Agent Etak and Its Antibacterial Effects
15.1.1: Immobilization on Towels and Antimicrobial Properties
15.1.2: Antibacterial Spectrum of Etak
15.1.3: Antiviral Spectrum of QuaternaryAmmonium Salts and Anti-influenza Effects of Etak
15.2: Safety of Etak
15.2.1: Mutagenicity Test
15.2.2: Acute Oral Toxicity Testing Using Mice
15.2.3: Primary Skin Irritation Test Using Rabbits
15.2.4: Continuous Skin Irritation Test Using Rabbits
15.2.5: Eye Irritation Test Using Rabbits
15.2.6: Human Patch Test
15.3: Applications of Etak as Cosmetics
15.3.1: Oral Cosmetics
15.3.2: Immobilization on the Skin
15.4: Conclusion
Chapter 16: A Real-Time Computer-Aided Diagnosis System with Quantitative Staging on Customizable Embedded Digital Signal Processor
16.1: Introduction: Colorectal Cancer Classification
16.2: Computer-Aided Diagnosis System with Convolutional Neural Network
16.3: Proposed CAD System Implementation to Embedded Customizable DSP Core
16.3.1: Multiply and Accumulate Calculation in CNN
16.3.2: Requirements for Hardware Platformof the CAD System Implementation
16.3.3: Overview of Customizable Embedded DSP Core
16.3.4: Hardware Design and Processing Flow
16.3.5: Processing Cycle Reduction and Implementation
16.4: Evaluation of the Developed Prototype System
16.5: Conclusion
Chapter 17: Medical Image Analysis
17.1: Image Processing
17.1.1: Correlation
17.1.2: Filtering
17.2: Machine Learning
17.2.1: Support Vector Machine
17.2.2: Convolutional Neural Network
17.3: Applications
17.3.1: Applications for Image Diagnosis
17.3.2: Applications for Surgical Navigation
17.3.2.1: Positional sensor
17.3.2.2: Intra-operative registration
17.3.2.3: Visualization
17.3.3: Applications for Medical Robotics
17.3.3.1: Visual feedback
17.3.3.2: Force feedback
17.3.3.3: Material informatics
Index