β Scribed by Yukihiko Matsumura; Tomoaki Minowa; Biljana Potic; Sascha R.A. Kersten; Wolter Prins; Willibrordus P.M. van Swaaij; Bert van de Beld; Douglas C. Elliott; Gary G. Neuenschwander; Andrea Kruse; Michael Jerry Antal Jr.
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
The current status of biomass gasification in near-and supercritical water (SCWG) is reviewed. There are two approaches to biomass gasification in supercritical water. The first: low-temperature catalytic gasification, employs reaction temperature ranging from 350 to 600 1C, and gasifies the feedstock with the aid of metal catalysts. The second: high-temperature supercritical water gasification, employs reaction temperatures ranging from 500 to 750 1C, without catalyst or with non-metallic catalysts. Reviews are made on reaction mechanism, catalyst, and experimental results for these two approaches. Engineering technologies for SCWG gasification, and an example of process analysis are also introduced. Finally, the authors' prognostications on the future prospects of this technology are offered.
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This paper gives an overview of bioenergy use, prices, markets and markets prospects in Norway. The current energy production based on biomass in Norway is about 50 pJ or 10% of the stationary energy consumption. About one-half is produced and used in forest industries. The main share of bioenergy u