Content: Cover
Biobased Smart Polyurethane Nanocomposites: From Synthesis to Applications
Preface
Abbreviations and Symbols
Contents
Chapter 1 --
Biobased Hyperbranched Polyurethane
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Historical Background
1.3 Classification
1.3.1 Structure
1.3.2 Source
1.3.3 Thermal Response
1.3.4 Properties and Applications
1.3.4.1 Elastomers
1.3.4.2 Foams
1.3.4.3 Fibers
1.3.4.4 Ionomers
1.3.4.5 Coatings
1.3.4.6 Adhesives
1.3.4.7 Smart Materials
1.3.4.8 Biomaterials
1.4 Raw Materials and Methods
1.4.1 Raw Materials
1.4.1.1 Diisocyanates
1.4.1.2 Di/Polyols 1.4.1.3 Macroglycols1.4.1.4 Chain Extenders
1.4.1.5 Biobased Di/Polyols
1.4.1.6 Catalysts
1.4.2 Preparative Methods
1.5 Modifications
1.6 Testing and Analysis
1.6.1 Spectroscopic Techniques
1.6.2 Diffraction/Scattering Techniques
1.6.3 Microscopic Techniques
1.6.4 Other Techniques
1.6.5 Molecular Weight
1.6.6 Testing Methods
1.7 Properties
1.7.1 Physical
1.7.2 Rheological and Mechanical
1.7.3 Thermal and Flame Retardancy
1.7.4 Electrical
1.7.5 Weather and Chemical Resistance
1.7.6 Biodegradability
1.7.7 Shape Memory
1.7.8 Self-Healing and Self-Cleaning
1.8 Applications 1.8.1 Surface Coatings1.8.2 Shape Memory Materials
1.8.3 Foams
1.8.4 Self-Healing Materials
1.8.5 Self-Cleaning Materials
1.8.6 Biomedical Applications
1.8.7 Packaging
1.8.8 Agriculture
1.8.9 Miscellaneous
1.9 Health and Safety
1.10 Concluding Remarks and Future Trends
References
Chapter 2 --
Nanomaterials for Polyurethane Nanocomposites
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definition, Significance, and Historical Background
2.2.1 Definition
2.2.2 Significance
2.2.3 Historical Background
2.3 Classification
2.3.1 Zero Dimensional
2.3.2 One Dimensional
2.3.3 Two Dimensional
2.3.4 Hybrid 2.4 Raw Materials2.5 Preparative Methods
2.5.1 Physical Approaches
2.5.2 Chemical Approaches
2.6 Characterization
2.6.1 UV-visible Spectroscopy
2.6.2 FTIR Spectroscopy
2.6.3 NMR Spectroscopy
2.6.4 X-ray Diffraction
2.6.5 Electron Microscopy
2.6.6 Raman Spectroscopy
2.7 Properties
2.7.1 Physical and Mechanical
2.7.2 Optical
2.7.3 Electrical and Magnetic
2.7.4 Catalytic
2.7.5 Chemical Sensing
2.7.6 Biological
2.8 Brief Account of Different Nanomaterials
2.8.1 Metal and Metal Oxides
2.8.1.1 Silver Nanoparticles
2.8.1.2 Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
2.8.1.3 TiO2 2.8.1.4 ZnO2.8.2 Silicon-based Nanomaterials
2.8.2.1 Nanoclays
2.8.2.2 POSS
2.8.3 Carbon-based Nanomaterials
2.8.3.1 CNTs
2.8.3.2 Graphene
2.8.3.3 GO and RGO
2.8.3.4 Carbon Dots
2.8.4 Organic Nanomaterials
2.8.4.1 PANi Nanofibers
2.8.4.2 Cellulose Nanofibers
2.8.5 Nanohybrids
2.9 Safety and Ecological Balance
2.10 Applications
2.11 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
Chapter 3 --
Biobased Polyurethane Nanocomposites
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Definition, Significance, and Background
3.3 Classification
3.4 Techniques of Fabrication
3.4.1 Solution Technique