Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System

✍ Scribed by Abul Abbas MBBS, Andrew Lichtman MD PhD, Shiv Pillai MBBS PhD

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2019
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 339
• Edition: 6
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Meticulously reviewed and updated for today's medical students, Basic Immunology, 6th Edition, is a concise text expertly written by the same distinguished author team as the best-selling, comprehensive text, Cellular and Molecular Immunology. This focused, easy-to-understand volume uses full-color illustrations and clinical images, useful tables, and practical features such as Summary Point boxes, end-of-chapter review questions, glossary terms, and clinical cases-all designed to help students master this complex topic in the most efficient, effective manner possible.

• Emphasizes clinical aspects of immunology, including disease pathogenesis, the development of novel therapies based on basic science, and an appendix of clinical cases for real-world application.
• Provides top-notch instruction from experienced teachers, course directors, and lecturers led by well-known editor and author Dr. Abul Abbas.
• Features a highly readable writing style and practical organization, now with fully revised content and updated images to reflect recent important advances in today's understanding of the immune system.
• Provides additional online features such as answers to in-book chapter review questions, helpful animations, and up to 10 self-assessment questions per chapter.
• Presents information in a format and style that maximizes usefulness to students and teachers studying medicine, allied health fields, and biology.
• Contains numerous features designed to help students understand key immunologic concepts: high-quality illustrations, practical tables, chapter outlines, bolded key points, and focus questions in every chapter for self-assessment and review.
• Includes an Enhanced eBook version with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Cover
IFC
Basic IMMUNOLOGY: FUNCTIONS AND DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Basic IMMUNOLOGY: FUNCTIONS AND DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Copyright
Dedication
PREFACE
CONTENTS
Basic IMMUNOLOGY: FUNCTIONS AND DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
1 - Introduction to the Immune System: Nomenclature, General Properties, and Components
TYPES OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
PROPERTIES OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES
Specificity and Diversity
Memory
Other Features of Adaptive Immunity
CELLS OF THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Lymphocytes
Antigen-Presenting Cells
TISSUES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Peripheral (Secondary) Lymphoid Organs and Tissues
Lymphocyte Recirculation and Migration into Tissues
SUMMARY
2 - Innate Immunity: The Early Defense Against Infections
GENERAL FEATURES AND SPECIFICITY OF INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES
CELLULAR RECEPTORS FOR MICROBES AND DAMAGED CELLS
Toll-Like Receptors
NOD-Like Receptors
Inflammasomes
Cytosolic RNA and DNA Sensors
Other Cellular Receptors of Innate Immunity
COMPONENTS OF INNATE IMMUNITY
Epithelial Barriers
Phagocytes: Neutrophils and Monocytes/Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
Mast Cells
Innate Lymphoid Cells
Natural Killer Cells
Lymphocytes with Limited Diversity
Complement System
Other Plasma Proteins of Innate Immunity
Cytokines of Innate Immunity
INNATE IMMUNE REACTIONS
Inflammation
Recruitment of Phagocytes to Sites of Infection and Tissue Damage
Phagocytosis and Destruction of Microbes
Tissue Repair
Antiviral Defense
Regulation of Innate Immune Responses
Microbial Evasion of Innate Immunity
ROLE OF INNATE IMMUNITY IN STIMULATING ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES
SUMMARY
3 - Antigen Capture and Presentation to Lymphocytes: What Lymphocytes See
ANTIGENS RECOGNIZED BY T LYMPHOCYTES
CAPTURE OF PROTEIN ANTIGENS BY ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX MOLECULES
Structure of MHC Molecules
Class I MHC Molecules
Class II MHC Molecules
Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins
Inheritance Patterns and Nomenclature of HLA Genes
Peptide Binding to MHC Molecules
PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION OF PROTEIN ANTIGENS
Processing of Cytosolic Antigens for Display by Class I MHC Molecules
Proteolysis of Cytosolic Proteins
Binding of Peptides to Class I MHC Molecules
Transport of Peptide-MHC Complexes to the Cell Surface
Processing of Internalized Antigens for Display by Class II MHC Molecules
Internalization and Proteolysis of Antigens
Binding of Peptides to Class II MHC Molecules
Transport of Peptide-MHC Complexes to the Cell Surface
Cross-Presentation of Internalized Antigens to CD8+ T Cells
Physiologic Significance of MHC-Associated Antigen Presentation
FUNCTIONS OF ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS IN ADDITION TO ANTIGEN DISPLAY
ANTIGEN RECOGNITION BY B CELLS AND OTHER LYMPHOCYTES
SUMMARY
4 - Antigen Recognition in the Adaptive Immune System: Structure of Lymphocyte Antigen Receptors and Development of Immune Repertoires
ANTIGEN RECEPTORS OF LYMPHOCYTES
Antibodies
Binding of Antigens to Antibodies
Monoclonal Antibodies
T Cell Receptors for Antigens
Antigen Recognition by the T Cell Receptor
DEVELOPMENT OF B AND T LYMPHOCYTES
Lymphocyte Development
Production of Diverse Antigen Receptors
Inherited Antigen Receptor Genes
Somatic Recombination and Expression of Antigen Receptor Genes
Mechanisms of V(D)J Recombination
Generation of Ig and TCR Diversity
Maturation and Selection of B Lymphocytes
Early Steps in B Cell Maturation
Role of the Pre-BCR Complex in B Cell Maturation
Completion of B Cell Maturation
Selection of Mature B Cells
Subsets of Mature B Cells
Maturation and Selection of T Lymphocytes
Early Steps in T Cell Maturation
Selection of Mature T Cells
SUMMARY
5 - T Cell–Mediated Immunity: Activation of T Lymphocytes
PHASES OF T CELL RESPONSES
ANTIGEN RECOGNITION AND COSTIMULATION
Recognition of Peptide-MHC Complexes
Role of Adhesion Molecules in T Cell Responses
Role of Costimulation in T Cell Activation
Inhibitory Receptors of T Cells
Stimuli for Activation of CD8+ T Cells
BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF T CELL ACTIVATION
FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES OF T LYMPHOCYTES TO ANTIGEN AND COSTIMULATION
Secretion of Cytokines and Expression of Cytokine Receptors
Clonal Expansion
Differentiation of Naive T Cells into Effector Cells
MIGRATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES IN CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE REACTIONS
DECLINE OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
SUMMARY
6 - Effector Mechanisms of T Cell–Mediated Immunity: Functions of T Cells in Host Defense
TYPES OF T CELL–MEDIATED IMMUNE REACTIONS
DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONS OF CD4+ EFFECTOR T LYMPHOCYTES
Subsets of CD4+ Helper T Cells Distinguished by Cytokine Profiles
Th1 Cells
Development of Th1 Cells
Th2 Cells
Development of Th2 Cells
Th17 Cells
Development of Th17 Cells
DIFFERENTIATION AND FUNCTIONS OF CD8+ CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES
RESISTANCE OF PATHOGENIC MICROBES TO CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
SUMMARY
7 - Humoral Immune Responses: Activation of B Lymphocytes and Production of Antibodies
PHASES AND TYPES OF HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES
STIMULATION OF B LYMPHOCYTES BY ANTIGEN
Antigen-Induced Signaling in B Cells
Role of Innate Immune Signals in B Cell Activation
Functional Consequences of B Cell Activation by Antigen
FUNCTIONS OF HELPER T LYMPHOCYTES IN HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES
Activation and Migration of Helper T Cells and B cells
Presentation of Antigens by B Lymphocytes to Helper T Cells
Mechanisms of Helper T Cell–Mediated Activation of B Lymphocytes
Extrafollicular and Germinal Center Reactions
Heavy-Chain Isotype (Class) Switching
Affinity Maturation
Generation of Plasma Cells and Memory B Cells
ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO T-INDEPENDENT ANTIGENS
REGULATION OF HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES: ANTIBODY FEEDBACK
SUMMARY
8 - Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity: Elimination of Extracellular Microbes and Toxins
PROPERTIES OF ANTIBODIES THAT DETERMINE EFFECTOR FUNCTION
NEUTRALIZATION OF MICROBES AND MICROBIAL TOXINS
OPSONIZATION AND PHAGOCYTOSIS
ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY
IMMUNOGLOBULIN E– AND EOSINOPHIL/MAST CELL–MEDIATED REACTIONS
THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
Pathways of Complement Activation
Functions of the Complement System
Regulation of Complement Activation
FUNCTIONS OF ANTIBODIES AT SPECIAL ANATOMIC SITES
Mucosal Immunity
Neonatal Immunity
EVASION OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY BY MICROBES
VACCINATION
SUMMARY
9 - Immunologic Tolerance and Autoimmunity: Self–Nonself Discrimination in the Immune System and Its Failure
IMMUNOLOGIC TOLERANCE: GENERAL PRINICIPLES AND SIGNIFICANCE
CENTRAL T LYMPHOCYTE TOLERANCE
PERIPHERAL T LYMPHOCYTE TOLERANCE
Anergy
Regulation of T Cell Responses by Inhibitory Receptors
Immune Suppression by Regulatory T Cells
Deletion: Apoptosis of Mature Lymphocytes
B LYMPHOCYTE TOLERANCE
Central B Cell Tolerance
Peripheral B Cell Tolerance
TOLERANCE TO COMMENSAL MICROBES AND FETAL ANTIGENS
Tolerance to Commensal Microbes in the Intestines and Skin
Tolerance to Fetal Antigens
AUTOIMMUNITY
Pathogenesis
Genetic Factors
Role of Infections and Other Environmental Influences
SUMMARY
10 - Immunology of Tumors and Transplantation: Immune Responses to Cancer Cells and Normal Foreign Cells
IMMUNE RESPONSES AGAINST TUMORS
Tumor Antigens
Immune Mechanisms of Tumor Rejection
Evasion of Immune Responses by Tumors
Cancer Immunotherapy
Passive Immunotherapy With Monoclonal Antibodies
Adoptive T Cell Therapy
Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Stimulation of Host Antitumor Immune Responses by Vaccination With Tumor Antigens
IMMUNE RESPONSES AGAINST TRANSPLANTS
Transplantation Antigens
Induction of Immune Responses Against Transplants
Immune Mechanisms of Graft Rejection
Prevention and Treatment of Graft Rejection
Transplantation of Blood Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cells
SUMMARY
11 - Hypersensitivity: Disorders Caused by Immune Responses
TYPES OF HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY
Activation of Th2 Cells and Production of IgE Antibody
Activation of Mast Cells and Secretion of Mediators
Clinical Syndromes and Therapy
DISEASES CAUSED BY ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC FOR CELL AND TISSUE ANTIGENS
Mechanisms of Antibody-Mediated Tissue Injury and Disease
Examples and Treatment of Diseases Caused by Cell- or Tissue-Specific Antibodies
DISEASES CAUSED BY ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES
Etiology, Examples, and Therapy of Immune Complex–Mediated Diseases
DISEASES CAUSED BY T LYMPHOCYTES
Etiology of T Cell–Mediated Diseases
Mechanisms of Tissue Injury
Clinical Syndromes and Therapy
NEUROIMMUNOLOGY: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE IMMUNE AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS
SUMMARY
12 - Congenital and Acquired Immunodeficiencies: Diseases Caused by Defective Immunity
CONGENITAL (PRIMARY) IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
Defects in Innate Immunity
Defects in Lymphocyte Maturation
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Selective B Cell Deficiency
Defects in Lymphocyte Activation and Function
Defects in B Cell Responses
Defective Activation of T Lymphocytes
Lymphocyte Abnormalities Associated With Other Diseases
Therapy of Congenital Immunodeficiencies
ACQUIRED (SECONDARY) IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Pathogenesis of AIDS
Clinical Features of HIV Infection and AIDS
Therapy and Vaccination Strategies
SUMMARY
Selected Readings
CHAPTER 1
General Introduction and Foundations of Immunology
Lymphocytes: Life History and Functions
Cells and Tissues of the Immune System
Lymphocyte Migration
CHAPTER 2
Pattern Recognition Receptors and Their Ligands
Cells of the Innate Immune System
Acute Inflammation
Antiviral Innate Immunity
Other Functions of Innate Immunity
Diseases of Innate Immunity
CHAPTER 3
Dendritic Cells in Antigen Capture and Presentation
Structure of MHC Genes, MHC Molecules, and Peptide-MHC Complexes
Protein Antigen Processing and MHC-Associated Presentation of Peptide Antigens
Cross-Presentation
Non-Classical Antigen Presentation
CHAPTER 4
Structure and Function of Antibodies
Structure and Function of the T Cell Receptor for Antigen
B and T Lymphocyte Development
CHAPTER 5
T Cell Antigen Recognition and Costimulation
Biochemical Signals in T Cell Activation
Functional Responses to T Cell Activation
Memory T Cells
T Cell Migration
CHAPTER 6
CD4+ Helper T Cell Subsets
CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
CHAPTER 7
Helper T Cell–Dependent Antibody Responses
T-Independent B Cell Responses
CHAPTER 8
Antibody Effector Functions and Fc Receptors
Complement
CHAPTER 9
Immunological Tolerance: General Mechanisms
Central Tolerance
Anergy; Inhibitory Receptors
Apoptosis
Regulatory T Cells
Mechanisms of Autoimmunity: Genetics and Environment
CHAPTER 10
Immune Responses to Tumors
Tumor Immunotherapy
Recognition and Rejection of Allogeneic Transplants
Clinical Transplantation
Immunosuppression and Tolerance Induction to Allografts
CHAPTER 11
Immediate Hypersensitivity
Diseases Caused by T Lymphocytes
CHAPTER 12
Congenital (Primary) Immunodeficiencies
HIV and AIDS
GLOSSARY
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Z
I - Principal Features of Selected CD Molecules
II - Cytokines
III - CLINICAL CASES
CASE 1: LYMPHOMA
Answers to Questions for Case 1
CASE 2: HEART TRANSPLANTATION COMPLICATED BY ALLOGRAFT REJECTION
Answers to Questions for Case 2
CASE 3: ALLERGIC ASTHMA
Answers to Questions for Case 3
CASE 4: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Answers to Questions for Case 4
CASE 5: HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION: ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Answers to Questions for Case 5
INDEX
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Z
IBC