Basic chemistry of explosives and hazards of home- made explosives and chemical precursors

✍ Scribed by Not Known

• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 250
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

1. Introduction
1.1. Scope
2. Explosive matter
2.1. Considerations regarding explosives
2.1.1. Classification of explosives according to their composition
2.1.2. Classification of explosives according to their application
2.2. Considerations regarding HMEs
2.2.1. Basics of HME
2.2.2. HME-related hazards
2.2.3. Factors affecting production, safety, reliability and performance of HMEs
2.3. Comparative considerations between industrially manufactured explosives and HMEs
2.3.1. Industrial manufacturing
2.3.2. Improvised manufacturing
3. Physical and chemical basics regarding characteristics of explosives
3.1. Classification of explosives
3.1.1. High explosives
3.1.2. Low explosives or propellants
3.1.3. Pyrotechnics
3.2. Explosive reactions
3.2.1. Combustion
3.2.2. Deflagration
3.2.3. Detonation
3.2.4. Transition between combustion – deflagration – detonation
3.3. Physical characteristics of explosives
3.3.1. Brisance
3.3.2. Stability
3.3.3. Strength
3.3.4. Sensitivity and sensitiveness
3.3.5. Oxygen balance
3.3.6. Confinement
3.3.7. Considerations regarding physical characteristics of HMEs
4. Chemical precursors
4.1. Fundamentals on physical parameters
4.2. Acids
4.3. Oxidisers
4.3.1. Group of nitrates
4.3.2. Group of chlorates
4.3.3. Group of perchlorates
4.3.4. Further oxidisers
4.4. Fuels
4.4.1. Liquid fuels
4.4.2. Solid fuels
4.4.3. Metallic fuels
4.5. Additives and catalysts
4.5.1. Sensitisers and tinder
4.5.2. Catalysts, reactants, binders and phlegmatisers
4.6. Effects of ageing
5. Home-made explosives
5.1. Chlorate and perchlorate-based HMEs
5.1.1. Potassium chlorate-based HMEs
5.1.2. Sodium chlorate-based HMEs
5.1.3. Ammonium perchlorate-based HMEs
5.1.4. Potassium perchlorate-based HMEs
5.2. Nitrate-based HMEs
5.2.1. Ammonium nitrate-based HMEs
5.2.2. Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)- based HMEs
5.2.3. Methyl nitrate-based HMEs
5.2.4. Urea nitrate-based HMEs
5.3. Peroxide-based HMEs
5.3.1. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide (CHP)
5.3.2. Acetone peroxide
5.3.3. Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine
5.3.4. Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
5.4. Nitromethane-based HMEs
5.5. Nitrate ester-based HMEs
6. Gas-generating reactions
7. Improvised incendiaries
7.1. Basics of improvised incendiaries
7.2. Improvised incendiary compositions
7.3. Improvised chemical igniters
8. Improvised pyrotechnics
8.1. Basics of improvised pyrotechnics
8.2. Noise and light effects
8.3. Colour effects
8.4. Smoke effects
9. Improvised primary explosives
9.1. Basics of improvised primary explosives
9.2. Examples of improvised primary explosives
10. General safety considerations
10.1. Basic safety rules and considerations
10.1.1. Safety considerations
10.1.2. Work hygiene and safety
10.2. Personal protective equipment and intrinsically safe equipment
10.2.1. Application of PPE and intrinsically safe equipment
10.2.2. Considerations regarding specific PPE
10.3. Temporary storage of HMEs and chemicals
10.3.1. General considerations on temporary storage of HMEs and chemicals
10.3.2. Chemical-related storage considerations
10.3.3. Constructional, technical and organisational measures
10.3.4. Spatial separation
10.4. Firefighting
10.4.1. Safety considerations
10.4.2. Portable fire extinguishers
11. Conclusion
12. Lexicon of abbreviations
13. Glossary of terms
14. List of HMEs and chemicals
15. Bibliography
16. Further references