ATP binding cassette transporter ABC1 is required for the release of interleukin-1β by P2X7-stimulated and lipopolysaccharide-primed mouse Schwann cells
✍ Scribed by Vincent Marty; Chantal Médina; Chantal Combe; Patricia Parnet; Thierry Amédée
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2004
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 180 KB
- Volume
- 49
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0894-1491
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✦ Synopsis
Schwann cells are best known as myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, but they also participate actively in the sphere of immunity by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1). In a previous study, we demonstrated that posttranslational processing of IL-1 by immune-challenged Schwann cells required the P2X 7 receptor. Remarkably, the release of IL-1 was not associated with cell death, indicating the involvement of an active mechanism. ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are known to transport leaderless secretory proteins, such as IL-1; therefore, we investigated whether such transporters were at work in Schwann cells. Mouse Schwann cells expressed ABC1 transporter mRNA and displayed the functional protein. Glybenclamide and diisothiocyanato-stilbene-disulfonic acid (DIDS), two blockers of chloride fluxes that drive the export activity of ABC1 transporters, inhibited IL-1 release without altering its intracellular processing. Enhancing chloride efflux potentiated the release of IL-1, while decreasing it led to a strong reduction in its release. Because the stimulation of the P2X 7 receptor also activates a chloride conductance, we investigated the possibility of a sole anionic pathway mobilized by the P2X 7 receptor and ABC1. Glybenclamide and DIDS had no significant effects on the P2X 7 -activated chloride current suggesting therefore the existence of two different pathways. In summary, ABC1 transporters are required for the release of IL-1 by mouse Schwann cells. Being associated together with chloride conductance, P2X 7 receptors and ABC1 transporters delineate a subtle and complex regulation of IL-1 production in mammalian Schwann cells. Furthermore, ABC1 transporters could be a target of therapeutic interest for regulating IL-1 activity in neuroinflammation disorders.