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Atmospheric water balance—the isotopic perspective

✍ Scribed by Joel R Gat

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
2000
Tongue
English
Weight
180 KB
Volume
14
Category
Article
ISSN
0885-6087

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✦ Synopsis

The isotopic composition of atmospheric moisture is determined foremost by the isotope fractionation that accompanies the evaporation occurring over the oceans[ This subsequently is modi_ed by rainout on the one hand\ and on the other hand by the recycling of precipitation into the atmosphere as a result of evapo! transpiration from the continents or from droplets beneath the cloud base[ The marine part of the atmospheric water cycle is described by the model of Craig and Gordon\ showing the d!excess value to re~ect the humidity gradient from the saturated vapour over the sea "a function of both temperature and salinity# to the ambient humidity[ Average conditions correspond to a value of d 09)[ However\ on the leeside of continents and over the Mediterranean Sea\ where the humidity de_cit in the dry and cold air is large\ higher values of up to d 29-are engendered[ Similar results are found when the evaporated vapour from lakes and other open water bodies mixes into the atmosphere[ A model enabling the quantitative evaluation of the contribution of the evaporation ~ux to atmospheric humidity is exempli_ed by the case of the North American Great Lakes[ A regional atmospheric water balance model\ based on the isotopic composition of runo} and precipitation is presented for the Amazon basin [ Copyright Þ 1999 John Wiley + Sons\ Ltd[

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