Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Contributors
Contributors to the First Edition
1: Head and Neck Lymph Node Anatomy
1.1 Classification
1.2 Criteria for Enlargement
1.2.1 Level I: Submental (IA) and Submandibular (IB)
1.2.1.1 Metastatic Involvement
1.2.1.2 Unusual Site of Metastasis
1.2.2 Level II
1.2.2.1 Metastatic Involvement
1.2.2.2 Unusual Site of Metastasis
1.2.3 Level III
1.2.4 Level IV
1.2.5 Level V (A + B)
1.2.6 Level VI
References
2: Chest Lymph Node Anatomy
2.1 Mediastinal Lymph Nodes
2.2 Supraclavicular Nodes 1
2.3 Superior Mediastinal Nodes 2–4
2.4 Aortic Nodes 5–6
2.5 Inferior Mediastinal Nodes 7–9
2.6 Hilar, Lobar, and (Sub)Segmental Nodes 10–14
2.7 Malignant Causes of Enlargement
2.8 Axillary Lymph Nodes
2.8.1 Lateral or Brachial Group
2.8.2 Anterior or Pectoral Group
2.8.3 Posterior or Subscapular Group
2.8.4 Central Group
2.8.5 Apical Group
2.8.6 Malignant Causes of Enlargement
2.9 Chest Wall Nodes
2.9.1 Internal Mammary (Internal Thoracic or Parasternal) Nodes
2.9.2 Malignant Causes of Enlargement
2.9.3 Posterior Intercostal Nodes
2.9.4 Juxtavertebral (Pre-vertebral or Paravertebral) Nodes
2.9.5 Diaphragmatic Nodes
2.9.6 Anterior (Pre-pericardial or Cardiophrenic) Group
2.9.7 Middle (Juxtaphrenic or Lateral) Group
2.9.8 Posterior (Retrocrural) Group
References
3: Abdominal Lymph Node Anatomy
3.1 Lymphatic Spread of Malignancies
3.1.1 Liver
3.1.2 Stomach
3.1.3 Paraesophageal and Paracardiac Nodes
3.1.4 Nodal Metastases in the Gastrohepatic Ligament
3.1.5 Nodal Metastases in the Gastrosplenic Ligament
3.1.6 Nodal Metastases in the Gastrocolic Ligament
3.1.7 Inferior Phrenic Nodal Pathways
3.1.8 Small Intestine
3.1.9 Appendix
3.1.10 Colorectal
3.2 Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodes
3.2.1 Renal, Upper Urothelial, and Adrenal Malignancies
3.2.2 Lymphatic Spread of Malignancies
3.2.2.1 Renal Tumor
3.2.2.2 Urothelial Tumors
3.2.2.3 Adrenal Tumors
3.3 Pancreatic Cancer
3.3.1 Lymphatic Spread and Nodal Metastasis
References
4: Pelvic Lymph Node Anatomy
4.1 Classification and Anatomical Location of Pelvic Lymph Nodes
4.1.1 Common Iliac Nodal Group
4.1.2 External Iliac Nodal Group
4.1.3 Internal Iliac (Hypogastric) Nodal Group
4.1.4 Inguinal Nodes
4.1.5 Perivisceral Nodes
4.2 Criteria for Diagnosing Abnormal Lymph Nodes
4.2.1 Size
4.2.2 Shape and Margin
4.2.3 Internal Architecture
4.2.4 Nodal Staging
4.3 Gynecologic Malignancies
4.3.1 Pattern of Lymphatic Drainage of the Female Pelvis
4.3.2 Lymphatic Spread of Malignancies
4.3.2.1 Vulva
4.3.2.2 Vagina
4.3.2.3 Uterus
4.4 Invasive Cervical Cancer
4.5 Cancer of the Uterine Body
4.6 Fallopian Tube
4.7 Ovary
4.8 Male Urogenital Pelvic Malignancies
4.8.1 Superficial Inguinal Pathway
4.8.2 Pelvic Pathways
4.8.3 Paraaortic Pathway
4.8.4 Modified Posttherapeutic Pathways
4.8.5 Pathways of Nodal Spread in Urogenital Pelvic Malignancies
4.8.6 Prostate Cancer
4.8.7 Penile Cancer
4.8.8 Testicular Cancer
4.8.9 Bladder Cancer
References
5: Lymph Node Pathology
5.1 Superficial Cortex
5.2 Deep Cortex (Paracortex)
5.3 Medulla
5.4 Lymph Node Pathology
5.4.1 Reactive/Benign Conditions
5.4.2 Metastatic Disease
5.4.3 Hematolymphoid Neoplasia
5.5 Note on Immunohistochemistry
References
Index