Astromineralogy (Lecture Notes in Physics, 609)

✍ Scribed by Thomas Henning (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2003
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 281
• Edition: 2003
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Astromineralogy deals with the science of gathering mineralogical information from the astronomical spectroscopy of asteroids, comets and dust in the circumstellar environments in general. It is only recently, however, that this field has received a tremendous boost with the reliable identification of minerals by the Infrared Space Observatory. This book is the first comprehensive and coherent account of this exciting field. Beyond addressing the specialist in the field, the book is intended as a high-level but readable introduction to astromineralogy for both the nonspecialist researcher and the advanced student.

✦ Table of Contents

Chapter 1
1 Astrophysics and Cosmic Mineralogy
2 Interstellar Dust on the Way to Astrophysical Topicality
2.1 Light Extinction Between the Stars
2.2 Interstellar Dust Gets a Physical Face
2.3 Renunciation from Meteor/Meteorite Analogy
2.4 Early Approaches to Dust Formation
2.5 The Cold Way to Interstellar Dust
3 Heuristic Dust Modelling with Refractory Grains
3.1 Interstellar Polarization and the Come-Back of Minerals
3.2 From Cold to Hot Dust Formation
3.3 The Revolutionizing Graphite Model
3.4 The Revitalisation of Iron Grains
3.5 The Disregarded Case: Silicate Grains
3.6 Silicon Carbide and Diamond
3.7 New Positioning of the Points in Dust Astrophysics
4 Dust Mineralogy via Spectral Analysis
4.1 The Impact by the Interstellar UV Band
4.2 Silicates – the Ubiquitous Dust Constituent
4.3 Other Oxygen-Bearing Dust Minerals
4.4 Non-oxidic Dust Minerals
5 The Laboratory Base of Cosmic Dust Mineralogy
5.1 The Approach by Laboratory Astrophysics
5.2 Interstellar Dust “Fossils” in the Laboratory
6 Interstellar Dust and the Classical Mineral Definition
References
Chapter 2
1 Introduction
2 Dust-Forming Objects and Their Element Abundances
3 Equilibrium Condensation
3.1 Theory: Pure Substances
3.2 Sources of Data
3.3 Solution of the Problem
3.4 Results for Some Element Mixtures
3.5 Solid Solutions
4 Dust Growth Processes
4.1 Characteristic Scales
4.2 Growth of Dust Grains
4.3 Condensation Coefficients
4.4 Nucleation Theory
5 Dust Processing
5.1 Annealing
5.2 Solid Diffusion
5.3 Chemical Reactions
6 Circumstellar Dust Shells
6.1 Predictions of Dust Composition by Equilibrium Calculations
6.2 Non-equilibrium Dust Formation
7 Dust in Protoplanetary Accretion Discs
7.1 Dust Mixture in the Outer Disc
7.2 Dust Metamorphosis
7.3 Dust Mixture in the Inner Disc
7.4 The Three Main Dust Mixtures
7.5 Disc Models
7.6 The Advection-Di.usion-Reaction Equation
7.7 Annealing
7.8 Evaporation of the Interstellar Dust Component
7.9 Iron Dust
7.10 Conversion of Silicates into the Equilibrium Mixture
7.11 Processingof Other Dust Components
8 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 3
1 Introduction
2 Observations and Identification
2.1 The Identification of Solids in Space
3 Observational Astromineralogical Results
3.1 Dust Produced in O-rich Environments
3.2 Dust Produced in C-rich Environments
3.3 Questionable Identifications
4 Life-Cycle of Dust
4.1 Dust Formation in Evolved Stars
4.2 Dust Formation in Supernovae
4.3 The Processing of Dust in the ISM
4.4 Dust Processing in Star-Forming Regions
5 Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 4
1 Introduction
2 In Situ Sampling
3 Cometary Silicates
4 Interplanetary Dust Particles of Probable Cometary Origin
5 Origins of Cometary Silicates
6 Organic Refractory Material
7 Summary
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 5
1 Introduction
2 The Basis of Dust Measurements
2.1 Impact Ionization Detectors
2.2 Measurement of Structure and Optical Properties
2.3 Measurement of Dust Orbits
2.4 Indirect Measurements
3 In-situ Measurements of Interplanetary Dust
3.1 Experimental Results
3.2 Future Measurements of Interplanetary Dust
4 In-situ Studies at Comets
4.1 Experimental Results
4.2 Future Measurements of Cometary Dust
5 In-situ Detection of Interstellar Dust
5.1 Experimental Results
5.2 Future Measurements of Interstellar Dust
6 Discussion
7 Summary
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 6
1 Introduction
2 Specimen Preparation and Analytical Methods
3 Astrominerals in IDPs
3.1 Organic Matter
3.2 Nano-diamonds
3.3 Silicates
3.4 FeNi Sulfides
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7
1 The Most Primitive Material in Meteorites
2 Overview: Identification and Isolation
2.1 Identification
2.2 Isolation
2.3 Overview
3 Isotopic sTructures and Stellar Sources
3.1 Silicon Carbide
3.2 Graphite
3.3 Corundum
3.4 Silicon Nitride
3.5 The Problems with the Diamonds
3.6 Other Grains
4 Nucleosynthesis Inferred
4.1 Mixing in Supernova Ejecta (or New Chemistry?)
4.2 Red Giant Light Element Nucleosynthesis
4.3 Nuclear Cross Sections
4.4 Old (and New?) Neutron Capture Processes
5 Mineralogy and Morphology
5.1 Grain Sizes
6 Detection in Space
7 Age and History
7.1 Ages
7.2 History
8 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8
1 Introduction
2 What Are Cosmic Dust Analogue Materials?
3 Material Production and Characterization
4 Measurement of Optical Properties
5 Interpretation of Astronomical Data
5.1 Carbon-Based Solids
5.2 Silicates
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References