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Here novel biphenol-based wholly aromatic poly(arylene ether sulfone)s containing up to two pendant sulfonate groups per repeat unit were prepared by direct aromatic nucleophilic substitution polycondensation of disodium 3,3'disulfonate-4,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone, 4,4'dichlorodiphenylsulfone and 4,4'-biphenol.
Copolymerization proceeded to high molecular weight in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at 190Β°C. Tough membranes were successfully cast using N,N-dimethylactamide. An increase in sulfonate groups in the copolymer resulted in increased glass transition temperature, and enhanced membrane hydrophilicity and intrinsic viscosity. The new copolymers are candidates as new polymeric electrolyte materials for PEMFCs.
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## Abstract Alkaline fuel cells may become an important element in pollution free energy conversion. In the literature most papers in the field of low temperature fuel cells are concerned with polymer electrolyte fuel cells. However, there are still a lot of research groups and companies working on
The repeat equipment sale to the US Navy is through FCE's distributor, LOGANEnergy, which will serve as a prime contractor overseeing installation and operation of the power plant. The latest 250 kW DFC unit is in addition to the original order of 500 kWe announced last fall [FCB, December 2005], wi
The work described in this paper was oriented towards fuel cells for practical applications, but mainly presents data obtained using half-cells. The economic significance of these data is discussed, together with the technical concept of fuel cell power stations and for transportation applications.