Artificial Intelligence Versus Natural Intelligence

✍ Scribed by Roger Penrose, Emanuele Severino, Ines Testoni, Giuseppe Vitiello, Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano, Federico Faggin

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 196
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book centers around a dialogue between Roger Penrose and Emanuele Severino about one of most intriguing topics of our times, the comparison of artificial intelligence and natural intelligence, as well as its extension to the notions of human and machine consciousness.

Additional insightful essays by Mauro D'Ariano, Federico Faggin, Ines Testoni, Giuseppe Vitiello and an introduction of Fabio Scardigli complete the book and illuminate different aspects of the debate.

Although from completely different points of view, all the authors seem to converge on the idea that it is almost impossible to have real "intelligence" without a form of "consciousness". In fact, consciousness, often conceived as an enigmatic "mirror" of reality (but is it really a mirror?), is a phenomenon under intense investigation by science and technology, particularly in recent decades. Where does this phenomenon originate from (in humans, and perhaps also in animals)? Is it reproducible on some "device"? Do we have a theory of consciousness today? Will we arrive to build thinking or conscious machines, as machine learning, or cognitive computing, seem to promise?

These questions and other related issues are discussed in the pages of this work, which provides stimulating reading to both specialists and general readers.

The Chapter "Hard Problem and Free Will: An Information-Theoretical Approach" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-85480-5

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
Introduction
1 Understanding and Algorithms
2 Quantum Mechanics and Consciousness
3 Protoconsciousness
4 Free Will and Singularities
5 Constructing Consciousness
6 Mathematical Modeling
7 Manifestation of the World
8 Production
9 Artificial Intelligence
10 Debate
11 Consciousness in Animals
12 Consciousness and Language
13 A Place for Consciousness?
14 Science and Technology
15 Chatbots
16 Quantum Turing Machines
17 Machine Making Mistakes
18 Dissipative Quantum Brain
19 Inner Experience
20 Quantum Panpsychism
21 Choice as a Quantum Variable
22 Free Will and Consciousness
References:
A Dialogue on Artificial Intelligence Versus Natural Intelligence
1 Penrose: First Intervention
2 Severino: First Intervention
3 Penrose: Second Intervention
4 Severino: Reply to Penrose
5 Penrose: Reply to Severino
The Death of the Emperor’s Mind from an Eternalist Perspective
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Traditional Representations of the Soul in an Afterlife and Their Psychological Relevance
3 Solipsism and the Mind–Brain Relational/identity Problem
4 The Penrose Hypothesis of Consciousness Between Human and Artificial Intelligence
5 Severino’s Ontological Solution
6 Conclusions
References
The Brain Is not a Stupid Star
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Lashley’s Dilemma
3 Coherence: From the Microscopic to the Macroscopic
4 The Many-Body Model of the Brain
5 The Dissipative Quantum Model of the Brain
6 Chaotic Trajectories in the Landscape of Attractors. Errare e Pensare
7 AI and Mistake-Making Machines. Spartacus
8 Concluding Remarks
References
Hard Problem and Free Will: An Information-Theoretical Approach
Abstract
1 A Quantum-Informational Panpsychism
2 A Non-reductive Psycho-Informational Solution: General Principles
3 Qualia: The Role of Entanglement
4 Evolution of Consciousness and Free Will
5 Memory
6 On the Combination Problem
7 Experimentability and Simulability
8 Philosophical Implications
References