Preface
Contents
1 An Introduction to Op Amps
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Op Amp Basics
1.3 Model of the Ideal Op Amp
1.4 Model of the Non-ideal Op Amp
1.5 Analyzing the Op Amp Circuits
1.6 General Transfer Function for Inverting and Non-inverting Amplifiers
1.7 Slew Rate of Op Amp
1.8 Exercises
References for Further Study
2 Inverting, Non-inverting and Logarithmic Amplifiers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Inverting Amplifier
2.3 Nulling the Output DC Offset of Inverting Amplifier
2.4 Waveform of Current Drawn from the Input Source
2.5 Circuit Simulation with Virtual Op Amp Block
2.6 Closer Look to OPAMP_3T_VIRTUAL Block
2.7 Non-inverting Amplifier
2.8 Practical Way for Nulling the Output Offset
2.9 Logarithmic Amplifier
2.10 Exercises
References for Further Study
3 Differential Amplifiers
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Difference Amplifier
3.3 Measurement of Common Mode Gain of Difference Amplifier
3.4 Measurement of Differential Mode Gain of Difference Amplifier
3.5 Nulling the Output DC Offset of Difference Amplifier
3.6 Instrumentation Amplifier
3.7 Exercises
References for Further Study
4 Frequency Response of Amplifiers
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Frequency Response of Inverting Amplifier
4.3 Frequency Response of Non-inverting Amplifier
4.4 Frequency Response of Instrumentation Amplifier for Common Mode Input
4.5 Frequency Response of Instrumentation Amplifier for Differential Mode Input
4.6 Exercises
References for Further Study
5 Input–Output Impedance of Amplifiers
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Input Impedance of Inverting Amplifier
5.3 Output Impedance of Inverting Amplifier
5.4 Exercises
References for Further Study
6 Buffer
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Buffer Circuit
6.3 Slew Rate of Op Amp
6.4 Frequency Response of Buffer Circuit
6.5 Exercises
References for Further Study
7 Op Amp Based Comparators
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Simple Comparator with Op Amp
7.3 Simple Comparator with LM 311 Comparator
7.4 Conversion of Sine Wave to Square Wave
7.5 Window Comparator
7.6 Schmitt Trigger
7.7 Exercises
References for Further Study
8 Op Amp Based Filters
8.1 Introduction
8.2 High Pass Filter
8.3 Low Pass Filter
8.4 Cascade Connection of Filters
8.5 Step Response of Filter Circuits
8.6 Sallen-Key Active Filter
8.7 Exercises
References
9 Op Amp Based Oscillators
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Wien-Bridge Oscillator
9.3 Frequency Counter Block
9.4 Fourier Analysis
9.5 RC Phase Shift Oscillator
9.6 Square Wave Generators
9.7 Triangular Wave Generator
9.8 Exercises
References for Further Study
10 Precision Rectifier and Peak Detector
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Half Wave Precision Rectifier
10.3 Improved Half Wave Precision Rectifier
10.4 Transfer Characteristics of Improved Half Wave Rectifier
10.5 Full Wave Precision Rectifier
10.6 Peak Detector
10.7 Exercises
References for Further Study
11 Voltage Regulators
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Series Voltage Regulator
11.3 Measurement of Average Power and Efficiency
11.3.1 Shunt Regulator
11.4 Measurement of Output Ripple
11.5 Transfer Characteristics of the Regulator
11.6 Exercises
References for Further Study
12 Circuit Design with Circuit Wizard
12.1 Introduction
12.2 555 Timer Wizard
12.3 Filter Wizard
12.4 Opamp Wizard
12.5 CE BJT Amplifier Wizard
12.6 Exercises
References for Further Study
13 Monte Carlo and Worst Case Analyses of Op Amp Circuits
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Monte Carlo Analysis
13.3 Worst Case Analysis
13.4 Exercises
References for Further Study
Index