Applied Drilling Circulation Systems: Hydraulics, Calculations and Models

✍ Scribed by Boyun Guo PhD, Gefei Liu

• Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
• Year: 2011
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 307
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Used to clean the borehole, stabilize rock, control pressures, or enhance drilling rates, drilling fluids and their circulation systems are used in all phases of a drilling operation. These systems are highly dynamic and complicated to model until now. Written by an author with over 25 years of experience, Applied Drilling Circulation Systems: Hydraulics, Calculations and Models provide users with the necessary analytical/numerical models to handle problems associated with the design and optimization of cost-effective drilling circulation systems.

The only book which combines system modeling, design, and equipment, Applied Drilling Circulation Systems: Hydraulics, Calculations and Models provides a clear and rigorous exposition of traditional and non-traditional circulation systems and equipment followed by self contained chapters concerning system modelling applications. Theories are illustrated by case studies based on the author's real life experience.

The book is accompanied by a website which permits readers to construct, validate, and run models employing Newtonian fluids, Bingham Plastic fluids, Power Law fluids, and aerated fluids principles. This combination book and website arrangement will prove particularly useful to drilling and production engineers who need to plan operations including pipe-tripping, running-in casing, and cementing.

• In-depth coverage of both on- and offshore drilling hydraulics.
• Methods for optimizing both on- and offshore drilling hydraulics.
• Contains problems and solutions based on years of experience.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter......Page 1
Preface......Page 3
Table of Content......Page 5
Part I. Liquid Drilling Systems......Page 7
1.2 Mud Pumps......Page 8
1.3 Drill Strings......Page 11
1.4 Contaminant-Removal Equipment......Page 16
Problems......Page 23
Part I. Liquid Drilling Systems......Page 24
1.2 Mud Pumps......Page 25
1.3 Drill Strings......Page 28
1.4 Contaminant-Removal Equipment......Page 33
Problems......Page 40
2.2 Characterization of Drilling Mud......Page 41
2.2.1 Drilling Mud Classifications......Page 42
2.2.2 Rheological Models......Page 43
2.2.3 Measurements of Rheological Properties......Page 45
2.2.3.1 Newtonian Fluids......Page 46
2.2.3.3 Power Law Fluids......Page 47
2.3 Hydraulics Models......Page 48
2.3.1.1 Newtonian Fluids......Page 49
2.3.1.2 Bingham Plastic Fluids......Page 51
2.3.1.3 Power Law Fluids......Page 53
2.3.1.4 Herschel-Bulkley Fluids......Page 54
2.3.2 Pressure Loss......Page 57
2.3.2.1 Newtonian Fluids......Page 61
2.3.2.2 Bingham Plastic Fluids......Page 62
2.3.2.3 Power Law Fluids......Page 65
2.3.2.4 Herschel-Bulkley Fluids......Page 67
2.3.2.5 The Generalized Pressure Loss Model......Page 70
2.3.3 Surge and Swab Pressure......Page 71
2.3.4 Pressure Drop at the Bit......Page 74
2.3.5 The Cuttings-Carrying Capacity of Mud......Page 76
References......Page 79
Problems......Page 80
3.2 Mud Flow Rate Requirements......Page 82
3.2.3 The Minimum Required Flow Rate......Page 83
3.3.2 Extreme Borehole Conditions......Page 87
3.3.3 Circulating Pressure......Page 88
3.3.4 The Minimum Required Pressure......Page 89
3.4 Horsepower Requirements......Page 93
3.5 Capacities of Mud Pumps......Page 95
3.5.2 Duplex Pumps......Page 97
Summary......Page 99
Problems......Page 100
4.2 The Criteria of Hydraulics Optimization......Page 101
4.2.1 The Maximum Bit Hydraulic Horsepower Criterion......Page 102
4.2.2 The Maximum Jet Impact Force Criterion......Page 103
4.2.4 Bit Hydraulics......Page 104
4.2.5 Economical Bit Hydraulics......Page 105
4.3.1 Selecting the Liner Size......Page 106
4.3.2 Selecting the Flow Rate and the Bit Nozzle Size......Page 109
4.3.3 Application Examples......Page 111
4.3.4.1 Fully Open Pipe......Page 118
4.3.4.3 Pipe with a Flow Diverter......Page 119
Summary......Page 124
Problems......Page 125
Part II. Gas Drilling Systems......Page 126
5.2 Surface Equipment......Page 127
5.3 Downhole Equipment......Page 132
Problems......Page 135
Part II. Gas Drilling Systems......Page 136
5.2 Surface Equipment......Page 137
5.3 Downhole Equipment......Page 142
Problems......Page 145
6.2 Gas Flow Mechanics......Page 146
6.2.1 Gas Flow in Vertical Holes......Page 147
6.2.2 Gas Flow in Deviated Holes......Page 152
6.2.3 Gas Flow through the Bit......Page 154
6.3.1.1 The Minimum Velocity Criterion......Page 155
6.3.1.2 The Minimum Kinetic Energy Criterion......Page 159
6.3.2 Corrections for Site Pressure, Temperature, and Humidity......Page 162
6.4 Gas Injection Pressure Requirements......Page 165
6.5 Horsepower Requirements......Page 169
References......Page 171
Problems......Page 172
7.2 Gas Drilling Procedures......Page 174
7.2.2 Initiating Mist Drilling......Page 175
7.2.4 Tripping Pipe......Page 176
7.3.1 Borehole Instability......Page 177
7.3.2 Mud Rings......Page 178
7.3.3 Water Removal......Page 180
7.3.4 Bit Balling......Page 183
7.3.5 Problems Associated with Sonic Flow at the Bit......Page 184
7.3.6 Corrosion......Page 187
7.3.7 Safety......Page 188
References......Page 190
Problems......Page 191
Part III. Underbalanced Drilling Systems......Page 192
8.2 Surface Equipment......Page 193
8.3 Downhole Equipment......Page 196
Summary......Page 197
Problems......Page 198
Part III. Underbalanced Drilling Systems......Page 199
8.2 Surface Equipment......Page 200
8.3 Downhole Equipment......Page 203
Summary......Page 204
Problems......Page 205
9.2 Multiphase Flows in UBD Systems......Page 206
9.2.2 Liquid Holdups......Page 207
9.2.3 Multiphase Flow Models......Page 209
9.2.3.2 Aerated Liquid Drilling Models......Page 210
9.2.3.3 Foam Drilling Model......Page 217
9.2.3.4 The Hagedorn-Brown Separated Flow Model......Page 222
9.3 The Gas-Liquid Flow Rate Window......Page 227
9.3.1 The Underbalanced Drilling Pressure Differential......Page 228
9.3.2 Collapse Pressure Analysis......Page 231
9.3.4 Constructing a Gas-Liquid Flow Rate Window......Page 237
References......Page 242
Problems......Page 244
10.2 Aerated Liquid Drilling......Page 245
10.2.1 Aeration Methods......Page 246
10.2.2 Pressure Stability Control......Page 250
10.3.1 Foam Formulations......Page 255
10.3.2 Foam Stability Control......Page 256
10.3.3 Handling the Returned Foam......Page 261
Problems......Page 262
Appendix A: Unit Conversion Factors......Page 263
Appendix B: Minimum Gas Flow Rates Required for Lifting Solids and Water in Air Drilling......Page 264
Appendix C: API Drill Collar Weight lb/ft......Page 271
Appendix D: API Drill Pipe Dimensional Data......Page 272
Appendix E: API Casing Dimensional Data......Page 273
A......Page 282
B......Page 283
C......Page 285
D......Page 286
E......Page 287
F......Page 288
G......Page 290
H......Page 293
L......Page 295
M......Page 296
N......Page 298
P......Page 299
S......Page 302
T......Page 303
U......Page 304
W......Page 306
Y......Page 307