Applied Coatings. An integrated collection of case studies providing a concise guide for professionals working with coatings materials in academia and industry. In Applied Coatings: Chemistry, Formulation, and Performance, distinguished scientist Dr. Weih Q. Lee delivers an illuminating collection
Applied Coatings: Chemistry, Formulation, and Performance
✍ Scribed by Weih Q. Lee
- Publisher
- WILEY
- Year
- 2024
- Tongue
- English
- Leaves
- 539
- Category
- Library
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
APPLIED COATINGSAn integrated collection of case studies providing a concise guide for professionals working with coatings materials in academia and industry
InApplied Coatings: Chemistry, Formulation, and Performance, distinguished scientist Dr. Weih Q. Lee delivers an illuminating collection of case studies designed to connect various elements of applied coatings technology. Going beyond generic discussions, the author describes the fundamental chemistry, formulations, and properties of applied coating materials – including the structural and functional components of structure-property relationships – as well as the foundations of applied cure kinetics and the rheology of epoxy coatings.
Each chapter is self-contained, comprehensive, and can be read individually, while the book remains technically and editorially integrated. Core themes include structure-performance relationships, formulation index driven experiment design, and consolidated thermal analysis. Readers will also find
A thorough introduction to epoxies and epoxy curing agents, including oxetanes, vinyl esters, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), isocyanate and silicone crosslinkers, cationic catalysts, acrylate and phenol accelerators, and specialty derivatives
Attentive descriptions of epoxy curing chemistry, including epoxy-phenolic, -polyamide, -active ester, and acid- or base-catalyzed systems in a broader scope
Comprehensive explorations of cure kinetics and rheology, including model-free kinetics (MFK), the nth-order model covering Kissinger plots and the Borchardt—Daniels (BD) approach, the autocatalytic model, executive quantification via curve fitting of DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) exotherms, the rheology of non-reactive fluids, and the viscoelasticity of reactive coatings
Practical discussions of C1S thick-film surface coatings, C2S structural lamination, liquid and powder epoxies, and phenolic coatings, including fluorene monomers, heterocyclic resins, and polymerizable derivatives
Complete treatments of coating characterization, microencapsulation, epoxy hybrids and non-epoxy platforms, adhesion of applied coatings, and adhesion promotion, including reactive and functional silicones
Perfect for formulation and research and development scientists and engineers at any technical level,Applied Coatingswill also benefit research professors and students studying coatings, adhesives, composites, electronic materials, and more.
✦ Table of Contents
Cover
Half Title
Applied Coatings: Chemistry, Formulation, and Performance
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations, Symbols, and Units
Introduction
References
Part I. Materials and Chemistry
1. Epoxy Resins, Monomers, and Derivatives
1.1 BPA‐Based Epoxies (or DGEBAs)
1.2 BPF‐Based (or DGEBF) and Novolac Epoxies
1.3 Modified Epoxies
1.4 Poly‐functional or Matrix Epoxies
1.5 Specialty Epoxies
1.6 Aliphatic and UV‐Curable Epoxies
1.7 Oxetanes
1.8 Epoxy Derivatives
1.9 BPA‐Free Epoxies
1.10 Bio‐Based Epoxies
1.11 Epoxy Diluents and Flexibilizers
1.12 Epoxy Vitrimers
Debrief A Hydrophobicity
Debrief B MWs, EEWs, and functionality (f)
Debrief C Synthesis of SERs from LERs
Debrief D Oxazolidinones, oxazolidones, oxazolidines, bisoxazolidines, and bis‐oxazolines
Recaps and Highlights
References
2. Epoxy Curing Agents
2.1 Crosslinkers or Hardeners
2.1.1 Primary and secondary amines
2.1.2 Phenolics and polyphenols
2.1.3 Active esters
2.1.4 Mannich bases
2.1.5 Anhydrides and carboxylic acids
2.1.6 Polysulfides or mercaptans
2.1.7 Isocyanates
2.1.8 Silicones
2.2 Catalysts and Accelerators
2.2.1 Catalysts
2.2.1.1 Anionic catalysts: tertiary (3°) amines and imidazoles
2.2.1.2 Cationic catalysts
2.2.2 Accelerators and modifiers
2.2.2.1 Phenol derivatives
2.2.2.2 Acrylates
2.3 UV Radiation
Debrief A Amine and anhydride crosslinkers
Debrief B Aromaticity vs. aliphaticity, and hydrophilicity vs. hydrophobicity
Debrief C Reactivity and effectiveness of catalysts
Recaps and Highlights
References
3. Epoxy Curing Reactions
3.1 Co‐ and Homo‐Polymerizations
3.1.1 Epoxy‐amine (and ‐hydrazide) systems
3.1.2 Epoxy‐phenolic systems
3.1.3 Epoxy‐ester systems
3.1.4 Epoxy‐anhydride systems
3.2 Cationic and UV‐Curing Systems
Debrief A Base‐catalyzed crosslinking reactions
Debrief B Acid‐catalyzed crosslinking reactions
Debrief C Carbene insertion reactions
Debrief D Additional understanding of ring‐opening reactions
Recaps and Highlights
References
Part II. Methodologies and Characterization
4. Concepts, Utilities, Methods, and Techniques
4.1 Liquids versus Powders
4.1.1 Solvent‐based coatings
4.1.2 Waterborne (WB) coatings
4.1.3 Electro‐coatings (E‐coatings)
4.1.4 Powder coatings
4.1.5 UV‐curable coatings
Debrief A Liquid applications and end uses
Debrief B Powder applications and end uses
4.2 The Formulation Index
4.3 Surface Coatings versus Structural Laminates
Debrief C Surface coatings and end uses
Debrief D Structural laminates and end uses
4.4 Materials and System Properties of Cured Coatings
4.5 Characterization of Uncured Coatings
Debrief E Illustrations of applied coating technology
Debrief F Reverse engineering
Recaps and Highlights
Appendices
A Hydrogen Energy
B Power Module
C LED Module (Tj ∼120 °C)
References
5. Cure Kinetics and Rheology
5.1 Cure Kinetics
5.1.1 Gel time model
5.1.2 Tg model
5.1.3 Model‐free kinetics
5.1.4 nth‐order model
5.1.4.1 The Kissinger plot
5.1.4.2 Borchardt−Daniels (BD) approach
5.1.5 Autocatalytic model
5.1.6 Comparisons of model‐based kinetics
5.1.6 Debrief A Thermal and kinetic parameters and their correlations
5.1.7 Application of cure kinetics to processing
5.1.8 Implementation of cure kinetics in formulation
5.1.8.1 Resins
5.1.8.2 Crosslinkers
5.1.8.3 Catalysts
5.1.8.4 Reactive additives
5.1.9 Implementation of cure kinetics in 2K liquid epoxy coatings
Debrief B Supplemental cure kinetic equations
Debrief C Evaluation of latent catalysts by DSC kinetics
Recaps and Highlights (I)
5.2 Rheology
5.2.1 Rheology of non‐reactive fluids
Debrief D Major rheological phenomena
Debrief E Common rheological materials and their characterization
5.2.2 Rheology of reactive systems
Debrief F Rheological DMA
Recaps and Highlights (II)
5.3 Kinetics and Rheology Combined
Debrief G DMA‐DSC consolidation
Recaps and Highlights (III)
Acknowledgments
References
Part III. Formulations and Applications
6. Formulation Case Studies
6.1 Liquid Epoxy Coatings and Adhesives
6.1.1 One‐component (1K) SB epoxy coatings for laminating
6.1.2 Two‐component (2K) epoxy coatings for surface lining
6.1.3 2K epoxy adhesives as thermal interface materials
6.2 Functional Epoxy Powder Coatings
6.2.1 Formulation index‐oriented formulation optimization
6.2.2 Crosslinker‐free formulations
6.2.3 Bisphenol F‐based epoxy resins
6.2.4 Aliphatic epoxies and silicone‐modified amines
6.2.5 Active ester crosslinkers
6.2.6 Phenylene bis‐oxazoline crosslinkers
6.2.7 Fluorene monomers for heat‐resistant coatings
6.2.8 Cationic catalysts and dual cure
6.2.9 Specialty and miscellaneous materials and formulations
Debrief A Extremely flexible FBE coatings through SDH and BAF amines
Debrief B LAT coatings
Debrief C Primers, epoxy primers, and epoxy powder primers
Debrief D Illustration of first‐order reaction (n ≈ 1.0 and m = 0) epoxy formulations
Recaps and Highlights
Appendices
A Comparative Study on Anionic DMS and Cationic BCl3⋅Amine Complex
B Images of Free‐Radical Powder Coating‐Coated MDF Panels
References
7. Phenolic Coatings
7.1 Phenolic Resins and Derivatives
7.1.1 BPA‐based phenolic resins
7.1.2 Novolac and resole phenolic resins
7.1.3 Non‐BPA phenolic resins and bio‐derivatives
7.2 Phenolic‐Isocyanate Coatings
7.3 Phenolic‐BMI Systems
7.4 BOXs and BOX‐Isocyanate Coatings
7.5 BOX‐BMI Systems
7.6 Quantification of Ph‐OHs by UV/Visible
Debrief A BMIs and Diels−Alder ring‐forming reactions
Debrief B UV/visible technique
Recaps and Highlights
Acknowledgments
References
Part IV. Extended Formulations and Applications
8. Microencapsulation
8.1 Morphology
8.2 Physical Encapsulation
8.3 Chemical Encapsulation
8.3.1 Core/shell microcapsules via in‐situ polymerization
8.3.2 Core/shell microcapsules via interfacial polymerization
8.4 DOE Example of Microcapsule Formulation and Processing Optimization
Debrief A Melamine and amino derivative crosslinkers
Debrief B Urea‐glyoxal resins and derivatives
Debrief C Michael Addition reactions and applications
Debrief D Microencapsulation via interfacial polymerization
Recaps and Highlights
Appendices
Exemplary Carbonless Paper Coatings
References
9. Hybrids and Non‐Epoxy Platforms
9.1 Epoxy Hybrids
9.1.1 Epoxy‐isocyanate systems
9.1.2 Epoxy‐urethane/urea systems
9.1.3 Epoxy‐acrylate/BMI systems
9.2 Non‐Epoxy Systems
9.2.1 Polyurethanes and polyols
9.2.2 Acrylics and acrylates
9.2.3 Polyesters and their monomers
9.2.4 Acrylate adhesive case studies
9.2.5 Polyurea coating case studies
9.2.6 Silicones: silanes, TEOS, PDMS, elastomers
9.3 Non‐Epoxy Hybrids
9.3.1 Phthalonitrile (PN) and BOX‐PN hybrids
9.3.2 Miscellaneous high‐performance polymers
Debrief A Silanes, silicates, and PDMSs
Debrief B Non‐epoxy polymers and hybrids
Debrief C Dual UV/thermal curing silicones
Recaps and Highlights
References
Part V. Adhesiveness and Adhesion
10. Adhesion and Adhesion Promotion
10.1 Bulk Adhesives
10.1.1 Epoxy structural adhesives
10.1.2 Acrylic and PUR structural adhesives
10.1.3 One‐component (1K) moisture curable PUR and silicone adhesives
10.1.4 Anaerobic and instant adhesives
10.1.5 Titanate catalysts and formulation tips
10.2 Characterization of Adhesives and Adhesion
10.2.1 Reactive adhesives
10.2.2 Non‐reactive adhesives
10.2.3 HM adhesives as TIMs: a case study
10.3 Substrates and Interfaces
10.3.1 Surface energy and surface tension
10.3.2 Surface modifications
10.3.3 Monomeric and polymeric silanes
10.3.4 Other adhesion promoters and adhesive polymers
10.4 Adhesion Troubleshooting
Debrief A Industrial rheology of adhesives and sealants
Debrief B Reactive adhesives
Debrief C Organo‐functional silanes
Debrief D Anticorrosion of coatings on ferrous metals
Debrief E Polythiol reactions
Recaps and Highlights
References
11. Closing Remarks
Wrap‐Ups
Outlooks
Green and circular
Hybrid and smart
References
Index
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