𝔖 Bobbio Scriptorium
✦   LIBER   ✦

Application limits of stainless steels in the petroleum industry

✍ Scribed by M. Oberndorfer; K. Thayer; M. Kästenbauer

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
2004
Tongue
German
Weight
208 KB
Volume
55
Category
Article
ISSN
0947-5117

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

Abstract

Stainless steels have a great variety of potential applications in the petroleum industry, mainly as an alternative to carbon steel in corrosive environments. Within a number of media that can cause corrosion problems with these materials, only chloride solutions and hydrogen sulfide are of importance in oilfield service.

A reliable tool that permits the proper selection of stainless steels has yet been missing. In order to provide engineering diagrams for this purpose, pitting and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests were performed. Specimens were exposed to NaCl solutions containing from 3 to 100,000 ppm Cl^−^ at temperatures from 40 to 200 °C. This test configuration was chosen to give a better representation of actual service conditions than accelerated standard test procedures do.

Tested materials were the austenitic stainless steel grades 321, 316Ti (API LC30‐1812) and 254 SMO, and 22Cr duplex (austenitic‐ferritic) steel (API LC65‐2205). Based on an optical examination of the specimens, no‐risk regions of chloride concentration vs. temperature have been identified. Subsequently, service temperature limits have been deduced for each tested material.

Thus, material failures by pitting and SCC can be prevented without overdesigning. The results of the testing series are applicable to all chloride environments without presence of H~2~S, as they have to be handled by primary production equipment, as well as transportation and gas processing facilities.

📜 SIMILAR VOLUMES

The applications of petroleum spirits in
The applications of petroleum spirits in industry
📂 Article 📅 2010 🏛 Wiley (John Wiley & Sons) ⚖ 242 KB 👁 1 views

On the assuniption thtit t,hc vibration iii diiitoniic molecule such ns HCl nlong the line of centres is :L simple hnrinonic one, t.he frequency of vibration is given by 111 this esimsioii J is the restoring force per unit tlisplnceiiieiit of the ritolii p i r iintl p. is tlie reduced imiss, given

Some Aspects of the Influence of Mangane
Some Aspects of the Influence of Manganese in Austenitic Stainless Steels
✍ J. Degerbeck; E. Wold 📂 Article 📅 1974 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 German ⚖ 324 KB 👁 1 views

## Abstract The effect of Mn on the pitting corrosion resistance of 18 8 steels is due to its sulphide forming ability, because the sulphides are then present as non‐metallic inclusions. As is shown by the authors that reduction of the manganese content of these steels (from normally 1.8% to values

Application of thermodynamics and diffus
Application of thermodynamics and diffusion in solids to the development of high strength steels for the Automotive Industry
✍ M. Goune; P. Maugis; T. Jung 📂 Article 📅 2005 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 138 KB 👁 1 views

This paper presents some applications of thermodynamics and diffusion in solids to the development of physical models applied to high strength steels production for the Automotive Industry. The scale of modeling is chosen to be the microstructural grain. The description of nucleation, interfacial co