API STANDARD 650 Welded Tanks for Oil Storage

✍ Scribed by American Petroleum Institute API

• Publisher: API
• Year: 206
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 528
• Edition: 12
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Special Notes
Notice--Instructions for Submitting a Proposed Revision to this Standard Under ContinuousMaintenance
Foreword
Important Information Concerning Use of Asbestos or Alternative Materials
Contents
SECTION 1— Scope
1.1 General
1.2 Limitations
1.3 Responsibilities
1.4 Documentation Requirements
1.5 Formulas
SECTION 2— Normative References
SECTION 3— Terms and Definitions
SECTION 4— Materials
4.1 General
4.2 Plates
4.3 Sheets
4.4 Structural Shapes
4.5 Piping and Forgings
4.6 Flanges
4.7 Bolting
4.8 Welding Electrodes
4.9 Gaskets
Figures
Figure 4.1a—Minimum Permissible Design Metal Temperature for Materials Used in Tank Shells without Impact Testing (SI)
Figure 4.1b—Minimum Permissible Design Metal Temperature for Materials Used in Tank Shells without Impact Testing (USC)
Figure 4.2—Isothermal Lines of Lowest One-Day Mean Temperatures (°F)
Figure 4.3—Governing Thickness for Impact Test Determination of Shell Nozzle and Manhole Materials (see 4.5.4.3)
Tables
Table 4.1—Maximum Permissible Alloy Content
Table 4.2—Acceptable Grades of Plate Material Produced to National Standards (See 4.2.6)
Table 4.3a—Linear Equations for Figure 4.1a (SI)
Table 4.3b—Linear Equations for Figure 4.1b (USC)
Table 4.4a—Material Groups (SI)
Table 4.4b—Material Groups (USC)
Table 4.5a—Minimum Impact Test Requirements for Plates (SI) (See Note)
Table 4.5b—Minimum Impact Test Requirements for Plates (USC) (See Note)
SECTION 5— Design
5.1 Joints
5.2 Design Considerations
5.3 Special Considerations
5.4 Bottom Plates
5.5 Annular Bottom Plates
5.6 Shell Design
5.7 Shell Openings
5.8 Shell Attachments and Tank Appurtenances
5.9 Top and Intermediate Stiffening Rings
5.10 Roofs
5.11 Wind Load on Tanks (Overturning Stability)
5.12 Tank Anchorage
5.13 Downward Reactions on Foundations
Figures
Figure 5.1—Typical Vertical Shell Joints
Figure 5.2—Typical Horizontal Shell Joints
Figure 5.3a—Typical Roof and Bottom Joints
Figure 5.3b—Method for Preparing Lap-welded Bottom Plates under Tank Shell (See 5.1.5.4)
Figure 5.3c—Detail of Double Fillet-groove Weld for Annular Bottom Plates with a Nominal Thickness Greater than 13 mm (1/2 in.) (See 5.1.5.7, Item b)
Figure 5.3d—Spacing of Three-Plate Welds at Annular Plates
Figure 5.4—Storage Tank
Figure 5.5—Drip Ring (Suggested Detail)
Figure 5.6—Minimum Weld Requirements for Openings in Shells According to 5.7.3
Figure 5.7a—Shell Manhole
Figure 5.7b—Details of Shell Manholes and Nozzles
Figure 5.8—Shell Nozzles (see Tables 5.6a, 5.6b, 5.7a, 5.7b, 5.8a, and 5.8b)
Figure 5.8—Shell Nozzles (continued)
Figure 5.9—Minimum Spacing of Welds and Extent of Related Radiographic Examination
Figure 5.10—Shell Nozzle Flanges (see Table 5.8a and Table 5.8b)
Figure 5.11—Area Coefficient for Determining Minimum Reinforcement of Flush-type Cleanout Fittings
Figure 5.12—Flush-Type Cleanout Fittings (see Tables 5.9a, 5.9b, 5.10a, 5.10b, 5.11a, and 5.11b)
Figure 5.13—Flush-type Cleanout Fitting Supports (see 5.7.7)
Figure 5.14—Flush-type Shell Connection
Figure 5.14—Flush-type Shell Connection (Continued)
Figure 5.15—Rotation of Shell Connection
Figure 5.16—Roof Manholes (see Table 5.13a and Table 5.13b)
Figure 5.17—Rectangular Roof Openings with Flanged Covers
Figure 5.18—Rectangular Roof Openings with Hinged Cover
Figure 5.19—Flanged Roof Nozzles (see Table 5.14a and Table 5.14b)
Figure 5.20—Threaded Roof Nozzles (see Table 5.15a and Table 5.15b)
Figure 5.21—Drawoff Sump (see Table 5.16a and Table 5.16b)
Figure 5.22—Scaffold Cable Support
Figure 5.23—Grounding Lug
Figure 5.24—Typical Stiffening-ring Sections for Tank Shells (see Table 5.20a and Table 5.20b)
Figure 5.25—Stairway Opening through Stiffening Ring
Figure 5.26—Some Acceptable Column Base Details
Figure 5.27—Overturning Check for Unanchored Tanks
Figure 5.28—Typical Anchor Chair
Figure 5.29—Typical Anchor Strap Welded Attachment (for Carbon Steel Tank)
Figure 5.30—Typical Hold-Down Strap Configuration (for Carbon Steel Tank)
Figure 5.31—Butt Weld Joint with Back-up Bar
Tables
Table 5.1a—Annular Bottom-Plate Thicknesses (tb) (SI)
Table 5.1b—Annular Bottom-Plate Thicknesses (tb) (USC)
Table 5.2a—Permissible Plate Materials and Allowable Stresses (SI)
Table 5.2b—Permissible Plate Materials and Allowable Stresses (USC)
Table 5.3a—Thickness of Shell Manhole Cover Plate and Bolting Flange (SI)
Table 5.3b—Thickness of Shell Manhole Cover Plate and Bolting Flange (USC)
Table 5.4a—Dimensions for Shell Manhole Neck Thickness (SI)
Table 5.4b—Dimensions for Shell Manhole Neck Thickness (USC)
Table 5.5a—Dimensions for Bolt Circle Diameter Db and Cover Plate Diameter Dc for Shell Manholes (SI)
Table 5.5b—Dimensions for Bolt Circle Diameter Db and Cover Plate Diameter Dc for Shell Manholes (USC)
Table 5.6a—Dimensions for Shell Nozzles (SI)
Table 5.6b—Dimensions for Shell Nozzles (USC)
Table 5.7a—Dimensions for Shell Nozzles: Pipe, Plate, and Welding Schedules (SI)
Table 5.7b—Dimensions for Shell Nozzles: Pipe, Plate, and Welding Schedules (USC)
Table 5.8a—Dimensions for Shell Nozzle Flanges (SI)
Table 5.8b—Dimensions for Shell Nozzle Flanges (USC)
Table 5.9a—Dimensions for Flush-Type Cleanout Fittings (SI)
Table 5.9b—Dimensions for Flush-Type Cleanout Fittings (USC)
Table 5.10a—Minimum Thickness of Cover Plate, Bolting Flange, and Bottom Reinforcing Plate for Flush-Type Cleanout Fittings (SI)
Table 5.10b—Minimum Thickness of Cover Plate, Bolting Flange, and Bottom Reinforcing Plate for Flush-Type Cleanout Fittings (USC)
Table 5.11a—Thicknesses and Heights of Shell Reinforcing Plates for Flush-Type Cleanout Fittings (SI)
Table 5.11b—Thicknesses and Heights of Shell Reinforcing Plates for Flush-Type Cleanout Fittings (USC)
Table 5.12a—Dimensions for Flush-Type Shell Connections (SI)
Table 5.12b—Dimensions for Flush-Type Shell Connections (USC)
Table 5.13a—Dimensions for Roof Manholes (SI)
Table 5.13b—Dimensions for Roof Manholes (USC)
Table 5.14a—Dimensions for Flanged Roof Nozzles (SI)
Table 5.14b—Dimensions for Flanged Roof Nozzles (USC)
Table 5.15a—Dimensions for Threaded Roof Nozzles (SI)
Table 5.15b—Dimensions for Threaded Roof Nozzles (USC)
Table 5.16a—Dimensions for Drawoff Sumps (SI)
Table 5.16b—Dimensions for Drawoff Sumps (USC)
Table 5.17—Requirements for Platforms and Walkways
Table 5.18—Requirements for Stairways
Table 5.19a—Rise, Run, and Angle Relationships for Stairways (SI)
Table 5.19b—Rise, Run, and Angle Relationships for Stairways (USC)
Table 5.20a—Section Moduli (cm3) of Stiffening-Ring Sections on Tank Shells (SI)
Table 5.20b—Section Moduli (in.3) of Stiffening-Ring Sections on Tank Shells (USC)
Table 5.21a—Uplift Loads (SI)
Table 5.21b—Uplift Loads (USC)
Table 5.22—Unfactored (Working Stress) Downward Reactions on Foundations
SECTION 6— Fabrication
6.1 General
6.2 Shop Inspection
Figure 6.1—Shaping of Plates
SECTION 7— Erection
7.1 General
7.2 Details of Welding
7.3 Examination, Inspection, and Repairs
7.4 Repairs to Welds
7.5 Dimensional Tolerances
Table 7.1a—Minimum Preheat Temperatures (SI)
Table 7.1b—Minimum Preheat Temperatures (USC)
SECTION 8— Methods of Examining Joints
8.1 Radiographic Method
8.2 Magnetic Particle Examination
8.3 Ultrasonic Examination
8.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination
8.5 Visual Examination
8.6 Vacuum Testing
Figure 8.1—Radiographic Requirements for Tank Shells
SECTION 9— Welding Procedure and Welder Qualifications
9.1 Definitions
9.2 Qualification of Welding Procedures
9.3 Qualification of Welders
9.4 Identification of Welded Joints
SECTION 10— Marking
10.1 Nameplates
10.2 Division of Responsibility
10.3 Certification
Figure 10.1—Manufacturer’s Nameplate
Figure 10.2—Manufacturer’s Certification Letter
Annex A (normative) Optional Design Basis for Small Tanks
A.1 Scope
A.2 Materials
A.3 Design
A.4 Thickness of Shell Plates
A.5 Tank Joints
A.6 Intermediate Wind Girders
A.7 Shell Manholes and Nozzles
A.8 Flush-Type Cleanout Fittings
A.9 Flush-Type Shell Connections
Tables
Table A.1a—Typical Sizes and Corresponding Nominal Capacities (m3) for Tanks with 1800-mm Courses (SI)
Table A.1b—Typical Sizes and Corresponding Nominal Capacities (barrels) for Tanks with 72-in. Courses (USC)
Table A.2a—Shell-Plate Thicknesses (mm) for Typical Sizes of Tanks with 1800-mm Courses (SI)
Table A.2b—Shell-Plate Thicknesses (in.) for Typical Sizes of Tanks with 72-in. Courses (USC)
Table A.3a—Typical Sizes and Corresponding Nominal Capacities (m3) for Tanks with 2400-mm Courses (SI)
Table A.3b—Typical Sizes and Corresponding Nominal Capacities (Barrels) for Tanks with 96-in. Courses (USC)
Table A.4a—Shell-Plate Thicknesses (mm) for Typical Sizes of Tanks with 2400-mm Courses (SI)
Table A.4b—Shell-Plate Thicknesses (in.) for Typical Sizes of Tanks with 96-in. Courses (USC)
Annex AL (normative) Aluminum Storage Tanks
AL.1 Scope
AL.2 References
AL.3 Definitions
AL.4 Materials
AL.5 Design
AL.6 Fabrication
AL.7 Erection
AL.8 Examination of Welds
AL.9 Welding Procedures and Welder Qualifications
AL.10 Marking
AL.11 Foundations
AL.12 Internal Pressure
AL.13 Seismic Design
AL.14 External Pressure
Figures
Figure AL.1—Cover Plate Thickness for Shell Manholes and Cleanout Fittings
Figure AL.2—Flange Plate Thickness for Shell Manholes and Cleanout Fittings
Figure AL.3—Bottom Reinforcing Plate Thickness for Cleanout Fittings
Figure AL.4—Stresses in Roof Plates
Tables
Table AL.1—Material Specifications
Table AL.2—Joint Efficiency
Table AL.3a—Minimum Mechanical Properties (SI)
Table AL.3b—Minimum Mechanical Properties (USC)
Table AL.4a—Annular Bottom Plate Thickness (SI)
Table AL.4b—Annular Bottom Plate Thickness (USC)
Table AL.5a—Minimum Shell Thickness (SI)
Table AL.5b—Minimum Shell Thickness (USC)
Table AL.6a—Allowable Tensile Stresses for Tank Shell (for Design and Test) (SI)
Table AL.6b—Allowable Tensile Stresses for Tank Shell (for Design and Test) (USC)
Table AL.7a—Allowable Stresses for Roof Plates (SI)
Table AL.7b—Allowable Stresses for Roof Plates (USC)
Table AL.8a—Compressive Moduli of Elasticity E (MPa) at Temperature (°C) (SI)
Table AL.8b—Compressive Moduli of Elasticity E (ksi) at Temperature (°F) (USC)
Table AL.9a—Shell Nozzle Welding Schedule (SI)
Table  AL.9b—Shell Nozzle Welding Schedule (USC)
Annex B (informative) Recommendations for Design and Construction of Foundations for Aboveground Oil Storage Tanks
B.1 Scope
B.2 Subsurface Investigation and Construction
B.3 Tank Grades
B.4 Typical Foundation Types
B.5 Tank Foundations for Leak Detection
B.6 Tank Foundations for Elevated Temperature Service
Figures
Figure B.1—Example of Foundation with Concrete Ringwall
Figure B.2—Example of Foundation with Crushed Stone Ringwall
Annex C (normative) External Floating Roofs
C.1 Scope
C.2 Material
C.3 Design
C.3.1 General
C.3.2 Joints
C.3.3 Decks
C.3.4 Pontoon Design
C.3.5 Pontoon Openings
C.3.6 Compartments
C.3.7 Ladders
C.3.8 Roof Drains
C.3.9 Vents
C.3.10 Supporting Legs
C.3.11 Roof Manholes
C.3.12 Centering and Anti-rotation Devices
C.3.13 Peripheral Seals
C.3.14 Gauging Device
C.3.15 Inlet Diffuser
C.3.16 Other Roof Accessories
C.4 Fabrication, Erection, Welding, Inspection, and Testing
Annex D (informative) (normative) External Floating Roofs
D.1 Introduction
D.2 Inquiry References
D.3 Definitions
D.4 API Policy Regarding Inquiries
D.5 Submission of Inquiries
D.6 Typical Inquiry Procedure
D.7 Interpretations Responding to Inquiries
D.8 Form Response Sent to Inquirer
D.9 Suggestions for Changes
Annex E (normative) Seismic Design of Storage Tanks
E.1 Scope
E.2 Definitions and Notations
E.3 Performance Basis
E.4 Site Ground Motion
E.5 Seismic Design Factors
E.6 Design
E.7 Detailing Requirements
Figure E.1—Coefficient Ci
Tables
Table E.1—Value of Fa as a Function of Site Class
Table E.2—Value of Fv as a Function of Site Class
Table E.3—Site Classification
Table E.4—Response Modification Factors for ASD Methods
Table E.5—Importance Factor (I) and Seismic Use Group Classification
Table E.6—Anchorage Ratio Criteria
Table E.7—Minimum Required Freeboard
Table E.8—Design Displacements for Piping Attachments
Annex EC (informative) Commentary on Annex E
EC.1 Scope
EC.2 Definitions and Notations
EC.3 Performance Basis
EC.4 Site Ground Motion
EC.5 Seismic Design Factors
EC.6 Design
EC.7 Detailing Requirements
EC.8 Additional Reading
EC.9 Example Problems
Figures
Figure EC.1—Maximum Earthquake Response Spectrum
Figure EC.2—Earthquake Response Spectrum Notation
Figure EC.3—Site Specific Response Spectrum
Figure EC.4—Deterministic Lower Limit on MCE Response Spectrum
Figure EC.5—Relationship of Probabilistic and Deterministic Response Spectra
Figure EC.6—Sloshing Factor, Ks
Figure EC.7—Design Response Spectra for Ground-Supported Liquid Storage Tanks
Figure EC.8—Effective Weight of Liquid Ratio
Figure EC.9—Center of Action of Effective Forces
Figure EC.10—Overturning Moment
Annex F (normative) Design of Tanks for Small Internal Pressures
F.1 Scope
F.2 Design Considerations
F.3 Roof Details
F.4 Maximum Design Pressure and Test Procedure
F.5 Required Compression Area at the Roof-to-Shell Junction
F.6 Design of Roof Plates
F.7 Calculated Failure Pressure
F.8 Anchored Tanks with Design Pressures up to 18 kPa (2.5 psi) Gauge
Figure F.1—Annex F Decision Tree
Figure F.2—Permissible Details of Compression Rings
Annex G (normative) Structurally-Supported Aluminum Dome Roofs
G.1 General
G.2 Materials
G.3 Allowable Stresses
G.4 Design
G.5 Roof Attachment
G.6 Physical Characteristics
G.7 Platforms, Walkways, and Handrails
G.8 Appurtenances
G.9 Sealing at the Shell
G.10 Testing
G.11 Fabrication and Erection
Figures
Figure G.1—Data Sheet for a Structurally-Supported Aluminum Dome Added to an Existing Tank
Figure G.2—Typical Roof Nozzle
Tables
Table G.1a—Bolts and Fasteners (SI)
Table G.1b—Bolts and Fasteners (USC)
Annex H (normative) Internal Floating Roofs
H.1 Scope
H.2 Types of Internal Floating Roofs
H.3 Material
H.4 Requirements for All Types
H.5 Openings and Appurtenances
H.6 Fabrication, Erection, Welding, Inspection, and Testing
Annex I (normative) Undertank Leak Detection and Subgrade Protection
I.1 Scope and Background
I.2 Performance Requirements
I.3 Cathodic Protection
I.4 Double Steel Bottom Construction
I.5 Material Requirements and Construction Details
I.6 Testing and Inspection
I.7 Tanks Supported by Grillage
I.8 Typical Installations
Figures
Figure I.1—Concrete Ringwall with Undertank Leak Detection at the Tank Perimeter (Typical Arrangement)
Figure I.2—Crushed Stone Ringwall with Undertank Leak Detection at the Tank Perimeter (Typical Arrangement)
Figure I.3—Earthen Foundation with Undertank Leak Detection at the Tank Perimeter (Typical Arrangement)
Figure I.4—Double Steel Bottom with Leak Detection at the Tank Perimeter (Typical Arrangement)
Figure I.5—Double Steel Bottom with Leak Detection at the Tank Perimeter (Typical Arrangement)
Figure I.6—Reinforced Concrete Slab with Leak Detection at the Perimeter (Typical Arrangement)
Figure I.7—Reinforced Concrete Slab
Figure I.8—Typical Drawoff Sump
Figure I.9—Center Sump for Downward-Sloped Bottom
Figure I.10—Typical Leak Detection Wells
Figure I.11—Tanks Supported by Grillage Members (General Arrangement)
Annex J (normative) Shop-Assembled Storage Tanks
J.1 Scope
J.2 Materials
J.3 Design
J.4 Fabrication and Construction
J.5 Examination of Shell Joints
J.6 Welding Procedure and Welder Qualifications
J.7 Marking
Table J.1a—Minimum Roof Depths for Shop-Assembled Dome-Roof Tanks (SI)
Table J.1b—Minimum Roof Depths for Shop-Assembled Dome-Roof Tanks (USC)
Annex K (informative) Sample Applications of the Variable-Design-Point Method to Determine Shell-Plate Thickness
Tables
Table K.1a—Shell-Plate Thicknesses Based on the Variable-Design-Point Method (See 5.6.4) Using 2400-mm Courses and an Allowable Stress of 159 MPa for the Test Condition (SI)
Table K.1b—Shell-Plate Thicknesses Based on the Variable-Design-Point Method (See 5.6.4) Using 96-in. Courses and an Allowable Stress of 23,000 lbf/in.2 for the Test Condition (USC)
Table K.2a—Shell-Plate Thicknesses Based on the Variable-Design-Point Method (See 5.6.4) Using 2400-mm Courses and an Allowable Stress of 208 MPa for the Test Condition (SI)
Table K.2b—Shell-Plate Thicknesses Based on the Variable-Design-Point Method (See 5.6.4) Using 96-in. Courses and an Allowable Stress of 30,000 lbf/in.2 for the Test Condition (USC)
Table K.3a—Shell-Plate Thicknesses Based on the Variable-Design-Point Method (See 5.6.4) Using 2400-mm Courses and an Allowable Stress of 236 MPa for the Test Condition (SI)
Table K.3b—Shell-Plate Thicknesses Based on the Variable-Design-Point Method (See 5.6.4) Using 96-in. Courses and an Allowable Stress of 34,300 lbf/in.2 for the Test Condition (USC)
Annex L (normative) API Standard 650 Storage Tank Data Sheet
L.1 Introduction
L.2 Use of This Annex
L.3 Specific Instructions
Table L.1—Index of Decisions or Actions Which may be Required of the Tank Purchaser
Annex M (normative) Requirements for Tanks Operating at Elevated Temperatures
M.1 Scope
M.2 Thermal Effects
M.3 Modifications in Stress and Thickness
M.4 Tank Bottoms
M.5 Self-Supporting Roofs
M.6 Wind Girders
Tables
Table M.1a—Yield Strength Reduction Factors (SI)
Table M.1b—Yield Strength Reduction Factors (USC)
Table M.2a—Modulus of Elasticity at the Maximum Design Temperature (SI)
Table M.2b—Modulus of Elasticity at the Maximum Design Temperature (USC)
Annex N (normative) Use of New Materials That Are Not Identified
Annex O (informative) Recommendations for Under-Bottom Connections
Figures
Figure O.1—Example of Under-Bottom Connection with Concrete Ringwall Foundation
Figure O.2—Example of Under-Bottom Connection with Concrete Ringwall Foundation and Improved Tank Bottom and Shell Support
Figure O.3—Example of Under-Bottom Connection with Earth-Type Foundation
Tables
Table O.1a—Dimensions of Under-Bottom Connections (SI)
Table O.1b—Dimensions of Under-Bottom Connections (USC)
Annex P (normative) Allowable External Loads on Tank Shell Openings
P.1 Introduction
P.2 Limit Loads
P.3 Alternative Procedure for the Evaluation of External Loads on Tank Shell Openings
Figures
Figure P.1—Nomenclature for Piping Loads and Deformation
Figure P.2a—Stiffness Coefficient for Radial Load: Reinforcement on Shell (L/2a = 1.0)
Figure P.2b—Stiffness Coefficient for Longitudinal Moment: Reinforcement on Shell (L/2a = 1.0)
Figure P.2c—Stiffness Coefficient for Circumferential Moment: Reinforcement on Shell (L/2a = 1.0)
Figure P.2d—Stiffness Coefficient for Radial Load: Reinforcement on Shell (L/2a = 1.5)
Figure P.2e—Stiffness Coefficient for Longitudinal Moment: Reinforcement on Shell (L/2a = 1.5)
Figure P.2f—Stiffness Coefficient for Circumferential Moment: Reinforcement on Shell (L/2a = 1.5)
Figure P.2g—Stiffness Coefficient for Radial Load: Reinforcement in Nozzle Neck Only (L/2a = 1.0)
Figure P.2h—Stiffness Coefficient for Longitudinal Moment: Reinforcement in Nozzle Neck Only (L/2a = 1.0)
Figure P.2i—Stiffness Coefficient for Circumferential Moment: Reinforcement in Nozzle Neck Only (L/2a = 1.0)
Figure P.2j—Stiffness Coefficient for Radial Load: Reinforcement in Nozzle Neck Only (L/2a = 1.5)
Figure P.2k—Stiffness Coefficient for Longitudinal Moment: Reinforcement in Nozzle Neck Only (L/2a = 1.5)
Figure P.2l—Stiffness Coefficient for Circumferential Moment: Reinforcement in Nozzle Neck Only (L/2a = 1.5)
Figure P.3a—Construction of Nomogram for b1, b2, c1, c2 Boundary
Figure P.3b—Construction of Nomogram for b1, c3 Boundary
Figure P.4a—Obtaining Coefficients YF and YL
Figure P.4b—Obtaining Coefficient YC
Figure P.5a—Determination of Allowable Loads from Nomogram: FR and ML
Figure P.5b—Determination of Allowable Loads from Nomogram: FR and MC
Figure P.6—Low-Type Nozzle with Reinforcement on Shell
Figure P.7—Allowable-Load Nomograms for Sample Problem
Tables
Table P.1a—Modulus of Elasticity and Thermal Expansion Coefficient at the Design Temperature (SI)
Table P.1b—Modulus of Elasticity and Thermal Expansion Coefficient at the Design Temperature (USC)
Annex R (informative) References for Tanks in Non-petroleum Product Service
Annex S (normative) Austenitic Stainless Steel Storage Tanks
S.1 Scope
S.2 Materials
S.3 Design
S.4 Fabrication and Construction
S.5 Marking
S.6 Annexes
Tables
Table S.1a—ASTM Materials for Stainless Steel Components (SI)
Table S.1b—ASTM Materials for Stainless Steel Components (USC)
Table S.2a—Allowable Stresses for Tank Shells (SI)
Table S.2b—Allowable Stresses for Tank Shells (USC)
Table S.3a—Allowable Stresses for Plate Ring Flanges (SI)
Table S.3b—Allowable Stresses for Plate Ring Flanges (USC)
Table S.4—Joint Efficiencies
Table S.5a—Yield Strength Values in MPa (SI)
Table S.5b—Yield Strength Values in psi (USC)
Table S.6a—Modulus of Elasticity at the Maximum Design Temperature (SI)
Table S.6b—Modulus of Elasticity at the Maximum Design Temperature (USC)
Annex SC (normative) Stainless and Carbon Steel Mixed Materials Storage Tanks
SC.1 Scope
SC.2 Materials
SC.3 Design
SC.4 Miscellaneous Requirements
Annex T (informative) NDE Requirements Summary
Annex U (normative) Ultrasonic Examination in Lieu of Radiography
U.1 General
U.2 Definitions
U.3 Technique
U.4 Personnel Qualifications and Training
U.5 Level III Review
U.6 Interpretation and Evaluation
U.7 Repairs
U.8 Flaw Documentation
Table U.1a—Flaw Acceptance Criteria for UT Indications May be Used for All Materials (SI)
Table U.1b—Flaw Acceptance Criteria for UT Indications May be Used for All Materials (USC)
Annex V (normative) Design of Storage Tanks for External Pressure
V.1 Scope
V.2 General
V.3 Nomenclature and Definitions
V.4 Construction Tolerances
V.5 Corrosion Allowance
V.6 Testing
V.7 Fixed Roof
V.8 Shell
V.9 Bottom
V.10 Example Calculations
V.11 Annex V References
Figure V.1a—Dimensions for Self-Supporting Cone Roof
Figure V.1b—Dimensions for Self-Supporting Dome Roof
Annex W (normative) Commercial and Documentation Recommendations
W.1 Document Submittals and Review
W.2 Manufacturer’s Calculations
W.3 Manufacturer’s Drawing Contents
W.4 Bids for Floating Roofs
W.5 Required Floating Roof Contract Calculations
W.6 Jobsite Responsibilities
Annex X (normative) Duplex Stainless Steel Storage Tanks
X.1 Scope
X.2 Materials
X.3 Design
X.4 Fabrication and Construction
X.5 Marking
X.6 Annexes
Tables
Table X.1—ASTM Materials for Duplex Stainless Steel Components
Table X.2a—Allowable Stresses for Tank Shells (SI)
Table X.2b—Allowable Stresses for Tank Shells (USC)
Table X.3—Joint Efficiencies
Table X.4a—Yield Strength Values in MPa
Table X.4b—Yield Strength Values in PSI
Table X.5a—Modulus of Elasticity at the Maximum Design Temperature (SI)
Table X.5b—Modulus of Elasticity at the Maximum Design Temperature (USC)
Table X.6a—Hot Forming Temperatures (SI)
Table X.6b—Hot Forming Temperatures (USC)
Annex Y (informative) API Monogram

✦ Subjects

American Petroleum Institute, API, 650,Welded,Tanks,oil,Storage