## Abstract Anxiety syndromes are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with up to 30% suffering from panic disorder, and up to 11% from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Anxiety is associated with increased subjective motor symptoms, more severe gait problems, dyskinesias, freezing, a
Apathy and anhedonia rating scales in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations
โ Scribed by Albert F.G. Leentjens; Kathy Dujardin; Laura Marsh; Pablo Martinez-Martin; Irene H. Richard; Sergio E. Starkstein; Daniel Weintraub; Cristina Sampaio; Werner Poewe; Oliver Rascol; Glenn T. Stebbins; Christopher G. Goetz
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2008
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 106 KB
- Volume
- 23
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0885-3185
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
โฆ Synopsis
Abstract
Apathy is a common condition in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is generally defined as a lack of motivation. It is associated with more severe cognitive dysfunction and a decrease in activities of daily living (ADL) performance. Anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure, can be a symptom of both depressive and apathetic syndromes. The Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned a task force to assess the clinimetric properties of apathy and anhedonia scales in PD patients. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify scales that have either been validated or used in PD patients. Apathy scales identified for review include the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), the Apathy Scale (AS), the Apathy Inventory (AI), and the Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS). In addition, item 4 (motivation/initiative) of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and item 7 (apathy) of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were included. Anhedonia scales identified for review were the SnaithโHamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) and the Chapman scales for physical and social anhedonia. Only the AS is classified as โrecommendedโ to assess apathy in PD. Although item 4 of the UPDRS also meets the criteria to be classified as recommended, it should be considered for screening only because of the obvious limitations of a single item construct. For the assessment of anhedonia, only the SHAPS meets the criteria of โSuggested.โ Information on the validity of apathy and anhedonia scales is limited because of the lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria for these conditions. ยฉ 2008 Movement Disorder Society
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Suggested'' scales failed to meet all the criteria of a ''recommended'' scale, usually the criterion of sensitivity to change in a study of PD. Scales were ''listed'' if they had been used in PD studies but had little or no psychometric data to assess. Some scales could be used both to screen for fa