AP Biology: With 2 Practice Tests (Barron's Test Prep)

✍ Scribed by Deborah T. Goldberg

• Publisher: Barron's Educational Series
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 880
• Edition: 7
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Title Page
About the Author
Dedication
Acknowledgments
Copyright
Contents
Barron’s Essential 5
Part 1: Introduction
1. About the AP Biology Exam
What’s in This Updated Review Book?
What Are the AP Exam Questions Like?
Exam Format
Grades on the Exam
Tips for Section I
Tips for Section II
Part 2: Subject Area Review
2. Biochemistry
Introduction
Atomic Structure
Bonding
Molecules—Polar and Nonpolar
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Substances
Properties of Water
pH
Isomers
Organic Compounds
Protein Folding
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
3. The Cell
Introduction
Structure and Function of the Cell
Transport Into and Out of the Cell
Cell Communication
Apoptosis—Programmed Cell Death
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
4. Cell Cycle
Introduction
The Cell Cycle
Cell Division and Cancerous Cells
Meiosis
Meiosis and Genetic Variation
Regulation and Timing of the Cell Cycle
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
5. Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes
Introduction
Energy
Metabolism
Enzyme-Controlled Reactions
Characteristics of Enzymes
Inhibition of Enzymatic Reactions
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
6. Cell Respiration
Introduction
ATP—Adenosine Triphosphate
Glycolysis
Structure of the Mitochondrion
Aerobic Respiration: The Citric Acid Cycle
NAD+ and FAD
Aerobic Respiration: The Electron Transport Chain
Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis
Summary of ATP Production
Anaerobic Respiration—Fermentation
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
7. Photosynthesis
Introduction
Photosynthetic Pigments
The Chloroplast
Photosystems
Light-Dependent Reactions—The Light Reactions
Light-Independent Reactions—The Calvin Cycle
Photorespiration
Modifications for Dry Environments
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
8. Heredity
Introduction
Basics of Probability
Law of Dominance
Law of Segregation
Monohybrid Cross
Backcross or Testcross
Law of Independent Assortment
Beyond Mendelian Inheritance
Polygenic Inheritance
More Exceptions to Mendelian Inheritance
Genes and the Environment
Linked Genes
Crossover and Linkage Mapping
The Pedigree
X Inactivation—The Barr Body
Mutations
Nondisjunction
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
9. The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Introduction
The Search for Heritable Material
Structure of Nucleic Acids
DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
From DNA to Protein
Gene Mutation
The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
Prions
The Human Genome
Regulation of Gene Expression
Recombinant DNA; Cloning Genes
Tools and Techniques of Biotechnology
Ethical Considerations
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
10. Biological Diversity
Introduction
The Three-Domain Classification System
Evolutionary Trends in Animals
Phylogenetic Trees
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
11. Evolution
Introduction
History of Earth
Evidence for Evolution
Historical Context for Evolutionary Theory
Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
Types of Selection
Preserving Variation in a Population
Causes of Evolution of a Population
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium—Characteristics of Stable Populations
Speciation and Reproductive Isolation
Patterns of Evolution
Modern Theory of Evolution
Evo-Devo
The Origin of Life
RNA World
Exaptation
Half-Life
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
12. Ecology
Introduction
Properties of Populations
Population Growth
Community Ecology
Energy Flow and Primary Production
Energy Flow and the Food Chain
Ecological Succession
Biomes
Chemical Cycles
Humans and the Biosphere
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
13. Animal Behavior
Introduction
Fixed Action Pattern
Migration
Animal Signals and Communication
Learning Modifies Behavior
Social Behavior
Natural Selection and Reproductive Success
Evolution of Behavior
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
Part 3: Illustrative Examples Review
14. Plants
Introduction
Strategies That Enabled Plants to Move to Land
The Leaf
Transport in Plants
Water Potential and Passive Transport
Plant Responses to Stimuli
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
15. Human Physiology
Introduction
Digestion in Different Animals
Digestion in Humans
Gas Exchange in Different Animals
Gas Exchange in Humans
Circulation in Different Animals
Human Circulation
Osmoregulation
Excretion
Muscle
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
16. Endocrine and Nervous Systems
Introduction
Chemical Signals
Feedback Mechanisms
How Hormones Trigger a Response in Target Cells
Temperature Regulation
Nervous System
Organization of the Human Brain
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
17. The Human Immune System
Introduction
Nonspecific Innate Defense Mechanisms
Adaptive Immunity
Types of Immunity
Blood Groups and Transfusion
AIDS
Positive Feedback in the Immune System
Other Topics in Immunity
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
18. Animal Reproduction and Development
Introduction
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Embryonic Development
Factors That Influence Embryonic Development
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
Part 4: Investigative Labs
19. Investigative Labs
Introduction
Graphing
Histograms
Dealing with Data
Designing an Experiment
Lab #1: Artificial Selection
Lab #2: Mathematical Modeling: Hardy-Weinberg
Lab #3: BLAST—Comparing DNA Sequences
Lab #4: Diffusion and Osmosis
Lab #5: Photosynthesis
Lab #6: Cell Respiration
Lab #7: Cell Division—Mitosis and Meiosis
Lab #8: Biotechnology—Bacterial Transformation
Lab #9: Biotechnology—Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA
Lab #10: Energy Dynamics—Food Chain
Lab #11: Transpiration
Lab #12: Animal Behavior
Lab #13: Enzyme Catalysis
How to Calculate The Rate of an Enzyme-Mediated Reaction
Chi-Square Test and Null Hypothesis
Chapter Summary
Practice Questions
Answers Explained
Part 5: Scoring for Section II of the AP Biology Exam
20. How the College Board Grades Your Answers to the Free-Response Questions
Introduction
Long Free-Response Question
Sample Answer
Analysis of Sample Answer
Short Free-Response Question
Sample Answer
Analysis of Sample Answer
Part 6: Practice Tests
Practice Test 1
Answer Key
Answers Explained
Practice Test 2
Answer Key
Answers Explained
Part 7: Appendixes
Appendix A: Bibliography
Appendix B: Measurements Used in Biology
Appendix C: Reference Tables
Appendix D: Glossary
Index