Antennas: From Theory to Practice

✍ Scribed by Dr. Yi Huang, Kevin Boyle

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2008
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 379
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Antennas: from Theory to Practice discusses the basics of modern antenna design and theory. Developed specifically for engineers and designers who work with radio communications, radar and RF engineering, this book offers practical and hands-on treatment of antenna theory and techniques, and provides its readers the skills to analyse, design and measure various antennas.

✦ Table of Contents

ANTENNAS......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 13
Acronyms and Constants......Page 15
1.1 A Short History of Antennas......Page 17
1.2 Radio Systems and Antennas......Page 20
1.3.1 Complex Numbers......Page 22
1.3.2 Vectors and Vector Operation......Page 23
1.3.3 Coordinates......Page 26
1.4 Basics of Electromagnetics......Page 27
1.4.1 The Electric Field......Page 28
1.4.2 The Magnetic Field......Page 31
1.4.3 Maxwell’s Equations......Page 32
1.4.4 Boundary Conditions......Page 35
Problems......Page 37
2.1 Circuit Concepts......Page 39
2.2.1 Transmission Line Model......Page 41
2.2.2 Solutions and Analysis......Page 44
2.2.3 Terminated Transmission Line......Page 48
2.3.1 The Smith Chart......Page 57
2.3.2 Impedance Matching......Page 60
2.3.3 The Quality Factor and Bandwidth......Page 67
2.4 Various Transmission Lines......Page 71
2.4.1 Two-wire Transmission Line......Page 72
2.4.2 Coaxial Cable......Page 73
2.4.3 Microstrip Line......Page 76
2.4.4 Stripline......Page 79
2.4.5 Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)......Page 82
2.4.6 Waveguide......Page 84
2.5 Connectors......Page 86
Problems......Page 90
3.1 Wave Equation and Solutions......Page 93
3.1.1 Discussion on Wave Solutions......Page 95
3.2.1 The Plane Wave and Intrinsic Impedance......Page 96
3.2.2 Polarization......Page 98
3.3.1 Reflection and Transmission......Page 99
3.3.2 Diffraction and Huygens’s Principle......Page 107
3.3.3 Scattering......Page 108
3.4.1 Media Classification and Attenuation......Page 109
3.5.1 Free Space Model......Page 113
3.5.2 Two-ray Model/Plane Earth Model......Page 114
3.5.3 Multipath Models......Page 115
3.6.1 Skin Depth......Page 117
Problems......Page 120
4.1 Antennas to Radio Waves......Page 123
4.1.1 Near Field and Far Field......Page 124
4.1.2 Antenna Parameters from the Field Point of View......Page 128
4.2.1 Antenna Parameters from the Circuit Point of View......Page 138
4.3 Summary......Page 141
Problems......Page 142
5.1.1 Dipoles......Page 145
5.1.2 Monopoles and Image Theory......Page 153
5.1.3 Loops and the Duality Principle......Page 157
5.1.4 Helical Antennas......Page 163
5.1.5 Yagi–Uda Antennas......Page 168
5.1.6 Log-Periodic Antennas and Frequency-Independent Antennas......Page 173
5.2.1 Fourier Transforms and the Radiated Field......Page 179
5.2.2 Horn Antennas......Page 185
5.2.3 Reflector and Lens Antennas......Page 191
5.2.4 Slot Antennas and Babinet’s Principle......Page 196
5.2.5 Microstrip Antennas......Page 200
5.3 Antenna Arrays......Page 207
5.3.1 Basic Concept......Page 208
5.3.2 Isotropic Linear Arrays......Page 209
5.3.3 Pattern Multiplication Principle......Page 215
5.3.4 Element Mutual Coupling......Page 216
5.4.1 Transmitting and Receiving Antennas: Reciprocity......Page 219
5.4.2 Baluns and Impedance Matching......Page 221
5.4.3 Antenna Polarization......Page 222
5.4.4 Radomes, Housings and Supporting Structures......Page 224
References......Page 227
Problems......Page 228
6.1 Introduction......Page 231
6.2 Computational Electromagnetics for Antennas......Page 233
6.2.1 Method of Moments (MoM)......Page 234
6.2.2 Finite Element Method (FEM)......Page 244
6.2.3 Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method......Page 245
6.2.5 Comparison of Numerical Methods......Page 246
6.2.6 High-Frequency Methods......Page 248
6.3.1 Wire-type Antenna Design and Analysis......Page 249
6.3.2 General Antenna Design and Analysis......Page 259
References......Page 267
Problems......Page 268
7.1.1 Conducting Materials......Page 269
7.1.3 New Materials for Antennas......Page 271
7.2.1 Scattering Parameters......Page 272
7.2.2 Network Analyzers......Page 274
7.3.1 Can I Measure These Parameters in My Office?......Page 277
7.3.3 Effects of Packages on Antennas......Page 278
7.4 Radiation Pattern Measurements......Page 279
7.4.1 Far-Field Condition......Page 280
7.4.2 Open-Area Test Sites (OATS)......Page 281
7.4.3 Anechoic Chambers......Page 283
7.4.4 Compact Antenna Test Ranges (CATR)......Page 284
7.4.6 Spherical Near-Field Chambers......Page 286
7.5.2 Two-Antenna Measurement......Page 288
7.6.1 Efficiency Measurements......Page 289
7.6.2 Reverberation Chambers......Page 290
7.6.3 Impedance De-embedding Techniques......Page 291
7.6.4 Probe Array in Near-Field Systems......Page 292
References......Page 297
Problems......Page 298
8.1.1 The Basics and Impedance Bandwidth......Page 299
8.1.2 Antenna Size-Reduction Techniques......Page 315
8.2.1 Introduction......Page 320
8.2.2 Mobile Antennas......Page 321
8.2.3 Antenna Diversity......Page 334
8.2.4 User Interaction......Page 341
8.3.2 Multiband Antennas......Page 349
8.3.3 Wideband Antennas......Page 352
8.4.1 Introduction......Page 355
8.4.2 Near-Field Systems......Page 358
8.4.3 Far-Field Systems......Page 364
8.5.2 Switching and Variable-Component Technologies......Page 367
8.5.3 Resonant Mode Switching/Tuning......Page 369
8.5.5 Mechanical Reconfiguration......Page 370
References......Page 371
Index......Page 373