Anomalous aging in two-phase systems: Creep and stress relaxation differences in rubber-toughened epoxies
✍ Scribed by Andre Lee; Gregory B. McKenna
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1997
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 176 KB
- Volume
- 35
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0887-6266
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✦ Synopsis
From time-aging time superposition principles, similar to time-temperature superposition, one would expect similar shifting or superposition behaviors for both creep and stress relaxation responses. In particular, for isotropic homogeneous systems, in the linear viscoelastic regime, consideration of superposition in rheology by Markowitz 1 or the discussion by Ferry 2 from the Kramers-Kronig relation would seem to demand that creep and stress relaxation shift in the same way. Here we report on results from creep and stress relaxation measurements in two-phase, rubbertoughened epoxies that exhibit Boltzman additivity of creep or relaxation behaviors and follow the time-aging time superposition behavior in creep, but not in stress relaxation. While the lack of superposition in stress relaxation is, perhaps, not surprising, the finding that the creep responses at different aging times superimpose while the stress relaxation responses do not, presents an anomalous behavior that has not been previously reported. In addition, our findings show that the stress relaxation responses show short time ''softening'' upon aging. Possible reasons for the anomalous behaviors are briefly considered.