Skeletal remains of 47 individuals from the Great Salt Lake Wetlands, affiliated principally with Bear River (A.D. 400-1000) and Levee Phase (A.D. 1000-1350) Fremont cultural elements, were assessed for four mitochondria1 DNA (mtDNA) markers that, in particular association, define four haplogroups (A, B, C, and D) widely shared among contemporary Amerindian groups. The most striking result is the absence of haplogroup A in this Fremont series, despite its predominance in contemporary Amerindian groups. Additionally, haplogroup B, defined by the presence of a 9bp deletion in region V, is present at the moderately high frequency of 60%. Haplogroups C and D are present at low frequencies. An additional haplotype, "N," observed in some modern populations and two other prehistoric samples, is also present in this Fremont skeletal collection. o 1996 WiIey-Liss, Inc.
GREAT SALT LAKE WETLANDS
The Great Salt Lake (GSL) wetlands are known to have been an area of intense human activity during the prehistory of the Great Basin (Fig. 1). Prehistoric sites attributed to the Fremont cultural horizon are well represented, with over 500 identified sites between Brigham City and Ogden, Utah, alone (Simms et al., 1991;Fawcett and Simms, 1993). Traditionally, the Fremont have been defined by contrast with the roughly contemporaneous Anasazi cultures farther south. Fremont culture is usually distinguished from the Anasazi by a unique set of archaeological traits such as moccasin and pottery styles, clay figurines, a geographically constrained type of maize, and the lack of a formal kiva (Wormington, 1955;