Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Abbreviations
Acknowledgements
How to use your revision guide
About the companion website
Part 1 Foundations
Chapter 1 The genome
Genetics
The double helix of DNA
RNA
Nucleotides
Bases
Chromosomes
Protein synthesis
Gene transference
Chapter 2 Homeostatic mechanisms
Homeostasis
Feedback mechanisms
Negative feedback
Positive feedback
Chapter 3 Fluid compartments
Total body water
Fluid regulation
Chapter 4 Cells and organelles
Cells
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Lipid bilayer
Membrane proteins
Functions of the plasma membrane
Chapter 5 Transport systems
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Chapter 6 Blood
Blood
Formation of blood cells
RBC
WBC
Platelets
Blood plasma
Chapter 7 Inflammation and immunity
Immune system
Types of immunity
Chapter 8 Tissues
Tissues
Epithelial tissue
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Part 2 The nervous system
Chapter 9 The brain and nerves
Brain
Neuron
Cranial nerves
Chapter 10 Structures of the brain
Structures of the brain
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Limbic system
Ventricles of the brain
Cerebrospinal fluid
Chapter 11 The spinal cord
Spinal cord
Spinal cord sections
Functions of the spinal cord
Reflex actions
Spinal nerves
Chapter 12 The blood supply
Circle of Willis
Function of the circle of Willis
Blood–brain barrier (BBB)
Function of BBB
Chapter 13 The autonomic nervous system
ANS
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Autonomic control by the CNS
Autonomic reflexes
Chapter 14 Peripheral nervous system
PNS
Peripheral nervous system connections
Sensory division
Motor division
Part 3 The heart and vascular system
Chapter 15 The heart
Heart
Walls of the heart
Chambers of the heart
Valves of the heart
Blood vessels of the heart
Chapter 16 Blood flow through the heart
Blood flow
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
Coronary circulation
Coronary arteries
Coronary veins
Chapter 17 The conducting system
Cardiac conduction
SA node
AV node
Bundle of His
Left and right bundle branches
Purkinje fibres
Cardiac cycle
Chapter 18 Nerve supply to the heart
Autonomic nervous system
Chemical regulation of the heart
Baroreceptors
Other factors in heart regulation
Chapter 19 Structure of the blood vessels
Blood vessels
Structure
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Chapter 20 Blood pressure
What is blood pressure?
Physiological factors
Control of blood pressure
Taking blood pressure
Chapter 21 Lymphatic circulation
Lymphatic system
What is lymph?
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic organs
Functions of the lymphatic system
Part 4 The respiratory system
Chapter 22 The respiratory tract
Respiratory system
Upper respiratory tract
Lower respiratory tract
Blood supply
Chapter 23 Pulmonary ventilation
Breathing
Inspiration
Exhalation
Factors affecting pulmonary ventilation
Lung volumes
Chapter 24 Control of breathing
Pneumotaxic area
Apneustic area
Medullary rhythmicity area
Central chemoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Inflation reflex
Other influences on respiration
Chapter 25 Gas exchange
External respiration
Exchange of gases in the lungs
Fick’s Law
Internal respiration
Factors affecting pulmonary and systemic gas exchange
Transport of gases
Part 5 The gastrointestinal tract
Chapter 26 The upper gastrointestinal tract
The mouth (oral cavity)
Oesophagus
Stomach
Chapter 27 The lower gastrointestinal tract
Small intestine
Large intestine (colon)
Chapter 28 The liver, gallbladder and biliary tree
Liver
Gallbladder
Biliary tree (tract)
Chapter 29 Pancreas and spleen
Pancreas
Spleen
Chapter 30 Digestion
Mechanical
Chemical
Digestion and absorption
Part 6 The urinary system
Chapter 31 The kidney: microscopic
Nephrons
Glomerular capsule
Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting ducts
Chapter 32 The kidney: macroscopic
Kidney
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Renal pelvis
Blood supply
Nerve supply
Chapter 33 The ureter, bladder and urethra
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Chapter 34 Formation of urine
Filtration
Selective reabsorption
Secretion
Hormonal control
Part 7 The male reproductive system
Chapter 35 External male genitalia
The testes
Spermatogenesis
The penis
The epididymis
The vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts and spermatic cord
Chapter 36 The prostate gland
The gland
The zones of the prostate gland
The surfaces of the prostate gland
The function of the prostate gland
Some structures around the prostate
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Chapter 37 Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Male sex hormones
Part 8 The female reproductive system
Chapter 38 Female internal reproductive organs
The internal female reproductive organs
The ovaries
The uterus
The fallopian tubes
The vagina
Chapter 39 External female genitalia
The mons veneris
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
The urethra
Hymen
Blood supply
Lymph drainage
Nerve supply
Chapter 40 The breast
The breast
Breast development
Hormones and the breast
Chapter 41 The menstrual cycle
The reproductive cycle
The pituitary gland
The follicular phase
The ovulatory phase
The luteal phase
The menstrual cycle
Part 9 The endocrine system
Chapter 42 The endocrine system
The endocrine glands
The pituitary gland and the hypothalamus
The pineal gland
The anterior pituitary lobe
The posterior pituitary lobe
Chapter 43 The thyroid and adrenal glands
The thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
The adrenal glands
Chapter 44 The pancreas and gonads
The pancreas
The gonads
Other endocrine glands
Part 10 The musculoskeletal system
Chapter 45 Bone structure
Bone remodelling and modelling
Ossification
The skeleton
Chapter 46 Bone types
Skeleton divisions
Bone types
Chapter 47 Joints
Movements
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Freely movable (synovial) joints
Chapter 48 Muscles
Muscles
Muscle tissue
Part 11 The skin
Chapter 49 The skin layers
The skin
The layers of the skin
Chapter 50 The skin appendages
The dermal appendages
Chapter 51 Epithelialisation
Epithelialisation
Wounds
How wounds heal
Types of wound healing
Wound closure
Chapter 52 Granulation
Granulation tissue
Tissue repair
Over-granulation
Part 12 The senses
Chapter 53 Sight
Sight
The orbit
The eye lids, eye lashes and eye brows
The lacrimal apparatus
The sclera
The cornea
The aqueous humour
The iris
The lens and ciliary muscle
The retina
The visual system pathways to the brain
The visual cortex
Chapter 54 Hearing
Hearing
The ear
The outer (external ear)
The middle ear
The inner ear
Chapter 55 Olfaction
Physiology of olfaction
Olfactory nerve and the cribriform plate
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory tract
Chapter 56 Gustation
Gustation
The tongue
Anatomy and physiology
Taste bud anatomy
Appendices
Appendix 1: Cross-references to chapters in Pathophysiology for Nurses at a Glance
Appendix 2: Normal physiological values
Appendix 3: Prefixes and suffixes
Appendix 4: Glossary
Further reading
Index
