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An Introduction to Mathematical Proofs (Textbooks in Mathematics)

✍ Scribed by Nicholas A. Loehr


Publisher
CRC Press
Year
2019
Tongue
English
Leaves
413
Series
Textbooks in Mathematics
Edition
1
Category
Library

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✦ Synopsis


An Introduction to Mathematical Proofs presents fundamental material on logic, proof methods, set theory, number theory, relations, functions, cardinality, and the real number system. The text uses a methodical, detailed, and highly structured approach to proof techniques and related topics. No prerequisites are needed beyond high-school algebra.

New material is presented in small chunks that are easy for beginners to digest. The author offers a friendly style without sacrificing mathematical rigor. Ideas are developed through motivating examples, precise definitions, carefully stated theorems, clear proofs, and a continual review of preceding topics.


Features

  • Study aids including section summaries and over 1100 exercises
  • Careful coverage of individual proof-writing skills
  • Proof annotations and structural outlines clarify tricky steps in proofs
  • Thorough treatment of multiple quantifiers and their role in proofs
  • Unified explanation of recursive definitions and induction proofs, with applications to greatest common divisors and prime factorizations

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About the Author:

Nicholas A. Loehr is an associate professor of mathematics at Virginia Technical University. He has taught at College of William and Mary, United States Naval Academy, and University of Pennsylvania. He has won many teaching awards at three different schools. He has published over 50 journal articles. He also authored three other books for CRC Press, including Combinatorics, Second Edition, and Advanced Linear Algebra.

✦ Table of Contents


Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
1. Logic
1.1 Propositions, Logical Connectives, and Truth Tables
1.2 Logical Equivalences and IF-Statements
1.3 IF, IFF, Tautologies, and Contradictions
1.4 Tautologies, Quanti ers, and Universes
1.5 Quantifier Properties and Useful Denials
1.6 Denial Practice and Uniqueness Statements
2. Proofs
2.1 Definitions, Axioms, Theorems, and Proofs
2.2 Proving Existence Statements and IF Statements
2.3 Contrapositive Proofs and IFF Proofs
2.4 Proofs by Contradiction and Proofs of OR-Statements
2.5 Proofs by Cases and Disproofs
2.6 Proving Quantified Statements
2.7 More Quantifier Properties and Proofs (Optional)
Review of Logic and Proofs
3. Sets
3.1 Set Operations and Subset Proofs
3.2 Subset Proofs and Set Equality Proofs
3.3 Set Equality Proofs, Circle Proofs, and Chain Proofs
3.4 Small Sets and Power Sets
3.5 Ordered Pairs and Product Sets
3.6 General Unions and Intersections
3.7 Axiomatic Set Theory (Optional)
4. Integers
4.1 Recursive Definitions and Proofs by Induction
4.2 Induction Starting Anywhere and Backwards Induction
4.3 Strong Induction
4.4 Prime Numbers and Integer Division
4.5 Greatest Common Divisors
4.6 GCDs and Uniqueness of Prime Factorizations
4.7 Consequences of Prime Factorization (Optional)
Review of Set Theory and Integers
5. Relations and Functions
5.1 Relations
5.2 Inverses, Identity, and Composition of Relations
5.3 Properties of Relations
5.4 Definition of Functions
5.5 Examples of Functions and Function Equality
5.6 Composition, Restriction, and Gluing
5.7 Direct Images and Preimages
5.8 Injective, Surjective, and Bijective Functions
5.9 Inverse Functions
6. Equivalence Relations and Partial Orders
6.1 Reflexive, Symmetric, and Transitive Relations
6.2 Equivalence Relations
6.3 Equivalence Classes
6.4 Set Partitions
6.5 Partially Ordered Sets
6.6 Equivalence Relations and Algebraic Structures (Optional)
7. Cardinality
7.1 Finite Sets
7.2 Countably Infinite Sets
7.3 Countable Sets
7.4 Uncountable Sets
Review of Functions, Relations, and Cardinality
8. Real Numbers (Optional)
8.1 Axioms for R and Properties of Addition
8.2 Algebraic Properties of Real Numbers
8.3 Natural Numbers, Integers, and Rational Numbers
8.4 Ordering, Absolute Value, and Distance
8.5 Greatest Elements, Least Upper Bounds, and Completeness
Suggestions for Further Reading
Index


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