An Introduction to Electrochemical Engineering

✍ Scribed by Marschoff C.M., Giunta P.D.

• Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 390
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Electrochemical processes have an ever-increasing importance in a number of industrial activities. As this book shows, the evolution that has occurred since the start of the 20th century is astonishing and covers a broad range of activities. In spite of this evolution, university texts on industrial electrochemistry are scant, mostly addressed to graduate or post-graduate students and usually focused on specific aspects of the wide variety of electrochemistry applications. Moreover, most of these texts skip over the fundamental principles that are involved in electrode processes and, then, students learn to employ a variety of techniques without mastering their foundations. This book, rather, details central aspects of solution conductivity, electrode thermodynamics and electrode processes which are not covered in the usual programs of Physical Chemistry and the main tools to be considered in reactor design. It also considers the central problems in five issues of broad impact, with which most engineers and industrial chemists will be involved during their professional life. The book will be useful for undergraduate students of regular courses in Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Schools, as well as graduate students in most branches of Engineering.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
An Introduction to Electrochemical Engineering
Copyright
Table of Contents
Foreword
Part 1: Fundamentals
1. Introduction
2. Electrolyte Resistance
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Electrical conductivity of solutions: Basic concepts
2.3. Equivalent conductance
2.4. Ionic mobility and transport numbers
2.5. Equivalent conductance dependence on ionic concentration
2.6. Anomalous conductance in aqueous media. Conductance in non-aqueous media and molten salts
References
Bibliography
3. Thermodynamics of Electrode Reactions
3.1. Gibbs´ fundamental equation
3.2. Thermodynamic potentials
3.3. Electrochemical equilibrium conditions
3.4. Galvanic cells
3.5. Electrode potentials
3.6. Galvanic cells under non – equilibrium conditions: The case of the water decomposition reaction
References
Bibliography
4. The Electrode – Solution Interphase
4.1. Introduction
4.2. The electrical double layer
4.3. Reference electrodes
4.4. Electrode potential control and polarization curves
References
Bibliography
5. Electrochemical Kinetics. I. Charge Transfer
5.1. The Butler – Volmer equation
5.2. Tafel equation and linear polarization
5.3. The exchange current meaning
5.4. Consecutive reactions: Reaction mechanisms
5.5. Competitive reactions: Faradaic efficiency
References
Bibliography
6. Electrochemical kinetics. II. Mass transfer
6.1. The mass transfer overpotential
6.2. The purely diffusional case
6.3. Migration effects
6.4. Convective effects
6.4.1. The semi – infinite plate plane electrode
6.4.2. The rotating – disk electrode
6.5. The mass transfer coefficient
6.6. The current – potential relationship in the general case
References
7. The Perfectly Stirred Electrochemical Tank Reactor
7.1. Characteristics and analysis of the perfectly stirred electrochemical tank reactor (PSETR)
7.2. Cascade of PSETR
7.3. The PSETR under batch operation
7.4. The PSETR in semi-batch operation
7.5. The PSETR with simultaneous chemical reaction
7.6. Parallel reactions on an electrode
Bibliography
8. The Plug – Flow Electrochemical Reactor
8.1. Mass balance in the plug-flow electrochemical reactor
8.2. The PFER with recycle
8.3. The PFER with gas evolution at the counterelectrode
8.5. Pressure drop in a PFER
Bibliography
9. Thermal Effects in Electrochemical Reactors
9.1. Thermal balance in electrochemical reactors
9.2. The PSERT case
9.3. The case of a batch PSETR
9.4. Thermal balance in a PFER
Bibliography
10. Current and Electric Potential Distribution
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Overpotentials and current distribution
10.3. Primary distribution
10.4. Secondary distribution
10.5. Tertiary distribution
References
Second Part: Areas of Practical Interest
11. Corrosion
11.1. Importance and impact of corrosion
11.2. Corrosion thermodynamics
11.2.1. General equations
11.2.2. Pourbaix diagrams
11.3. Corrosion kinetics
11.3.1. Direct measurement of corrosion rate
11.3.2. Electrochemical measurement of corrosion rate
11.4. Oxide formation and passivation
11.5. Types of corrosion
11.5.1. Uniform corrosion
11.5.2. Localized corrosion
11.5.2.1. Differential aeration (or crevice) corrosion
11..5.2.2. Galvanic corrosion
11.5.2.2. Dealloying
11.5.2.4. Intergranular corrosion
11.5.2.5.- Pitting corrosion
11.5.2.6.- Corrosion coupled with mechanical efforts.
11.5.2.7. Hydrogen damage
11.6. Protection methods
11.6.1. Coatings
11.6.2. Inhibitors and passivators
11.6.3. Cathodic protection
11.6.3. Anodic protection
References
Bibliography
12. Industrial Production of Materials
12.1. General aspects
12.2. The chlor – alkali process
12.2.1. Diaphragm cells
12.2.2. Mercury cells
12.2.3. Membrane cells
12.3. Electrolytic hydrogen production
12.3.1. Alkaline electrolysis
12.3.2. PEM electrolysers
12.3.3. Solid electrolyte electrolysers
12.4. Copper production
12.5. Molten salt electrolysis. Aluminium production
References
Bibliography
13. Energy Production
13.1. Introduction
13.2. General aspects of electrochemical generators
13.3. Critical parameters in battery selection
13.3.1. Electric potential difference of a battery
13.3.2. Battery energy and power
13.3.3. Battery capacity
13.3.4. Discharge depth
13.3.5. Shelf life
13.4. Primary batteries
13.4.1. Primary batteries with a zinc anode
13.4.1.1. The Leclanché battery
13.4.1.2. The alkaline battery
13.4.1.3. Zinc batteries with mercury oxide cathode
13.4.2. Primary batteries with lithium anode
13.5. Secondary Batteries
13.5.1. General features
13.5.2. Lead-acid batteries
13.5.3.- Lithium-ion secondary batteries
13.6. Fuel cells
13.6.1. Alkaline fuel cells
13.6.2. Acid fuel cells
13.6.2.1. Phosphoric acid cells
13.6.2.2. Solid polyelectrolyte membrane fuel cells
13.6.3. Molten carbonate fuel cells
13.6.4. Solid oxide fuel cells
13.6.5. Batteries and fuel cells energetic characteristics
References
14. Electroplating
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Electrochemical production of metallic coatings
14.3. Additive effects
14.4. Electroless production of metallic coatings
14.5. Analysis of an electroplating case
14.6. Analysis of an electroless deposition case
14.7. Plating in the electronic industry
References
15. Electrochemical Machining
15.1. Introduction
15.2. General considerations
15.3. The anodic process
15.4. The cathodic process
15.5. Basic aspects of electrochemical machining operation
15.6. Experimental techniques for precision improvement
15.7. Defining the piece shape and the cathode design
15.8. Applications
15.8.1. Drilling of large pieces
15.8.2. Deburring
15.8.3. Production of complex pieces
15.9. Pros and cons of electrochemical machining
Bibliography
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
A2.1. Electrical representation of the electrode
A2.2. Electrical representation of an electrochemical cell
A.2.3. Electrical description of an electrode with parallel reactions
Problems
Chapter Two
Chapter Three
Chapter Four
Chapter Five
Chapter Six
Chapter Seven
Chapter Eight
Chapter Nine
Chapter Ten
Chapter Eleven
Chapter Twelve
Chapter Thirteen
Chapter Fourteen
Chapter Fifteen