𝔖 Bobbio Scriptorium
✦   LIBER   ✦

An international case-control study on hypospadias the problem with variability and the beauty of diversity

✍ Scribed by B. källén; E. E. Castilla; E. Robert; P. A. L. Lancaster; M. Kringelbach; O. Mutchinick; M. L. Martinez-Frias; P. Mastroiacovo

Publisher
Springer
Year
1992
Tongue
English
Weight
730 KB
Volume
8
Category
Article
ISSN
0393-2990

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

The paper describes problems and advantages in an international cooperative study of a case-control design, aimed at investigating the possible association between exogenous hormones and hypospadias. The varying degrees of the ascertainment of specific exposures and risk factors, in spite of the use of a standardized questionnaire is illustrated. Definite support for the existence of recall or interviewer bias is presented. On the other hand, the multipopulation design offers possibilities to make use of the diversity of the populations: differences in reproductive patterns and in specific exposures such as drug use, smoking and maternal occupation.

📜 SIMILAR VOLUMES

Tobacco, occupation and non-transitional
Tobacco, occupation and non-transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder: An international case-control study
✍ Joan Fortuny; Manolis Kogevinas; Jenny Chang-Claude; Carlos-Alberto González; Ma 📂 Article 📅 1999 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 French ⚖ 63 KB 👁 2 views

Transitional-cell carcinoma is the dominant histological type of malignant tumors of the urinary bladder. There is limited information on risk factors for non-transitional-cell carcinoma (NTCC) of the bladder. We used data from 9 case-control studies on bladder cancer from 6 European countries to ex