A novel photovoltaic-Trombe wall (PV-TW) is proposed and investigated experimentally and theoretically in this paper. The PV-TW was installed at the south-facing external wall of an environmental chamber that carried two identical test rooms. Both of the test rooms have a double window of the same size. One test room was installed with the PV-TW (known as the PV-TW room), and the other without PV-TW (known as the reference room). The influence of the PV-TW on the thermal environment of the test room was investigated under different operating conditions. The experimental results show the dual benefits of the PV-TW system: improving the room thermal condition and at the same time generating electricity. Compared with the reference room, the maximum indoor temperature was found to be 5278C higher in winter, and the daily electrical output reached about 0.3 kWh with a PV cell area of 0:72 m 2 : Also, a detailed model is given to evaluate the performance of PV-TW theoretically, and the PV-TW room is simulated under one certain operating condition. The simulated and measured air temperatures of PV-TW room are found to be in good agreement.