We survey the most widely-used algorithms for smoothing models for language n-gram modeling. We then present an extensive empirical comparison of several of these smoothing techniques, including those described by Jelinek and Mercer (1980); Katz (1987);Bell, Cleary and Witten (1990); Ney, Essen andK
An empirical study of Chinese language networks
โ Scribed by Shuigeng Zhou; Guobiao Hu; Zhongzhi Zhang; Jihong Guan
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 2008
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 801 KB
- Volume
- 387
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0378-4371
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
๐ SIMILAR VOLUMES
A railway transportation system can be represented by a bipartite network consisting of trains and stations, where a train is connected to all stations where it stops. In this paper, motivated by the resource-allocation process taking place on networks, we design a method to project a Chinese train-
This study examined the immigration satisfaction of a group of 95 Chinese Americans living in San Francisco. Immigration satisfaction was hypothesized to be negatively mediated by the presence of immigration-related problems and positively mediated by a bicultural life-style. Personal demographic ch