## Abstract In numerical weather prediction (NWP), large quantities of satellite data are discarded because of operational time constraints and the potential for highβdensity observations to reduce the quality of the initial conditions (analysis). To retain the important observational data without
Amount of soil ice predicted from weather observations
β Scribed by J.W. Cary
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1982
- Weight
- 402 KB
- Volume
- 27
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0002-1571
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
β¦ Synopsis
An equation has been developed that gives the net daily heat flux across the soil surface m the winter. The equation is based on the Foumer heat flow relation using the thermal gradients and conduchvity at the soil surface Input reqmres the daily maximum/ minimum air temperatures, solar radlahon and snow depth The cumulative daily soil heat flux was used to eshmate the amount of ice in the soil. Several years of data from weather stations near Lafayette, Indiana, and Twin Falls, Idaho, were used to test this approach. Given a site constant that accounts for soil type and cover conditions, it appears that the presence or absence of soil ice can generally be correctly predicted at least 70% of the time over a period of years that includes both warm and cold extremes.
π SIMILAR VOLUMES
## Abstract Small streams with catchment areas < 2 km^2^ make up the majority of all stream length and are of great ecological importance. Surveys of first and second order streams reveal great spatial and temporal variability in the water chemistry of these headwaters, but their assessment present
## Abstract This article provides estimates of effective observation errors and their interβchannel and spatial correlations for microwave imager radiances currently used in the European Centre for MediumβRange Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) system. The estimates include the error contributions from the