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On transfontanel sonography, bright linear "branched candlestick" stripes in basal ganglia, suggesting lenticulostriate vasculopathy (LSV), were reported in more than 200 infants, including our 34 patients. Causes included varieties of congenital and acquired ones, with the remaining 30 to 50% of cases deemed idiopathic. To identify the long-term outcome of LSV, this prospective observation for 7 to 9 years was accomplished. In the idiopathic group, 7 in 13 patients developed tics, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and/or obsessive compulsive behavior (OCB); and 2 in the 21 ones in the symptomatic group (with perinatal or acquired causes). The rates of mortality (33% vs 0%), developmental delay (24% vs 8%), mental retardation (24% vs 0%), and neurological deficit (29% vs 0%) were significantly higher in the symptomatic group than the idiopathic group. The rates of ADHD (10% vs 54%), tics (10% vs 38%), and OCB (5% vs 13%) were significantly lower in the symptomatic group than the idiopathic group. Tics are estimated to occur in 5 to 10% of juveniles. The prevalence of ADHD in school-age children is approximately 3-5%. Our data suggest that sonographic LSV may contribute to developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
๐ SIMILAR VOLUMES
Humanin (HN), a novel peptide consisting of 24 amino acid residues, prevents neuronal cell death caused by amyloid โค and all known familial Alzheimer's disease mutants. We previously proposed that HN had a broader spectrum of cytoprotection from the finding that HN rescued naive rat pheochromocytoma