๐”– Bobbio Scriptorium
โœฆ   LIBER   โœฆ

Alkali and Chlorine Photochemistry in a Volcanically Driven Atmosphere on Io

โœ Scribed by Julianne I. Moses; Mikhail Yu. Zolotov; Bruce Fegley Jr.


Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
2002
Tongue
English
Weight
360 KB
Volume
156
Category
Article
ISSN
0019-1035

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

โœฆ Synopsis


Observations of the Io plasma torus and neutral clouds indicate that the extended ionian atmosphere must contain sodium, potassium, and chlorine in atomic and/or molecular form. Models that consider sublimation of pure sulfur dioxide frost as the sole mechanism for generating an atmosphere on Io cannot explain the presence of alkali and halogen species in the atmosphere-active volcanoes or surface sputtering must also be considered, or the alkali and halide species must be discharged along with the SO 2 as the frost sublimates. To determine how volcanic outgassing can affect the chemistry of Io's atmosphere, we have developed a onedimensional photochemical model in which active volcanoes release a rich suite of S-, O-, Na-, K-, and Cl-bearing vapor and in which photolysis, chemical reactions, condensation, and vertical eddy and molecular diffusion affect the subsequent evolution of the volcanic gases. Observations of Pele plume constituents, along with thermochemical equilibrium calculations of the composition of volcanic gases exsolved from high-temperature silicate magmas on Io, are used to constrain the composition of the volcanic vapor. We find that NaCl, Na, Cl, KCl, and K will be the dominant alkali and chlorine gases in atmospheres generated from Pele-like plume eruptions on Io. Although the relative abundances of these species will depend on uncertain model parameters and initial conditions, these five species remain dominant for a wide variety of realistic conditions. Other sodium and chlorine molecules such as NaS, NaO, Na 2 , NaS 2 , NaO 2 , NaOS, NaSO 2 , SCl, ClO, Cl 2 , S 2 Cl, and SO 2 Cl 2 will be only minor constituents in the ionian atmosphere because of their low volcanic emission rates and their efficient photochemical destruction mechanisms. Our modeling has implications for the general appearance, properties, and variability of the neutral sodium clouds and jets observed near Io. The neutral NaCl molecules present at high altitudes in atmospheres generated by active volcanoes might provide the NaX + ion needed to help ex-plain the morphology of the high-velocity sodium "stream" feature observed near Io.


๐Ÿ“œ SIMILAR VOLUMES


Photochemistry of a Volcanically Driven
โœ Julianne I. Moses; Mikhail Yu. Zolotov; Bruce Fegley Jr. ๐Ÿ“‚ Article ๐Ÿ“… 2002 ๐Ÿ› Elsevier Science ๐ŸŒ English โš– 369 KB

To determine how active volcanism might affect the standard picture of sulfur dioxide photochemistry on Io, we have developed a one-dimensional atmospheric model in which a variety of sulfur-, oxygen-, sodium-, potassium-, and chlorine-bearing volatiles are volcanically outgassed at Io's surface and

Chemistry of Sodium, Potassium, and Chlo
โœ Bruce Fegley Jr.; Mikhail Yu. Zolotov ๐Ÿ“‚ Article ๐Ÿ“… 2000 ๐Ÿ› Elsevier Science ๐ŸŒ English โš– 274 KB

We used thermochemical equilibrium calculations in the O-S-Na-K-Cl-H system to model the speciation of volcanic gases emitted from high-temperature (1000-2000 K) silicate magmas on Io. The effects of temperature, pressure, and bulk composition of the gases are explored. The bulk compositions are bas