London, 1933,/3, CXII, 473-479) states that the freezing point of the yolk of the hen's egg may be taken as -0.57 ° C., and the freezing point of the white as -0.420 C. When seeded separately, both the thick white and the thin white have the same freezing point, -0.420 C.
Albedo variations of an oak forest in Pennsylvania
✍ Scribed by D.R. DeWalle; S.G. McGuire
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1973
- Weight
- 377 KB
- Volume
- 11
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0002-1571
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✦ Synopsis
The albedo of an oak forest was measured on 16 days throughout the year. Growing-season albedo ranged from 16 to 18% with variations due to cloud conditions. Autumn albedos did not increase with leaf color changes and until leaf fall was nearly complete remained similar to growing season values. Dormant season albedo was 12 to 14% without snow and 25 to 30% with snow on the ground. The effects of zenith angle on albedo were noticeable during a day, but these albedo changes were much more pronounced during the growing than in the dormant season. The measurements also suggested that the forest was a diffuse reflector.
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An Appalachian-oak forest in a small montane watershed was sampled to calibrate and test an existing forest dynamics simulation model. Indices developed in earlier studies by Whittaker were used to estimate the response of different tree species to soil moisture. As is the case in many forest modeli