Agricultural Informatics: Automation Using the Iot and Machine Learning

✍ Scribed by Amitava Choudhury; Arindam Biswas; Manish Prateek; Amlan Chakraborty

• Publisher: Wiley-Scrivener
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 304
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Despite the increasing population (the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates 70% more food will be needed in 2050 than was produced in 2006), issues related to food production have yet to be completely addressed. In recent years, Internet of Things technology has begun to be used to address different industrial and technical challenges to meet this growing need. These Agro-IoT tools boost productivity and minimize the pitfalls of traditional farming, which is the backbone of the world's economy. Aided by the IoT, continuous monitoring of fields provides useful and critical information to farmers, ushering in a new era in farming. The IoT can be used as a tool to combat climate change through greenhouse automation; monitor and manage water, soil and crops; increase productivity; control insecticides/pesticides; detect plant diseases; increase the rate of crop sales; cattle monitoring etc.

Agricultural Informatics: Automation Using the IoT and Machine Learning focuses on all these topics, including a few case studies, and they give a clear indication as to why these techniques should now be widely adopted by the agriculture and farming industries.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half-Title Page
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
1 A Study on Various Machine Learning Algorithms and Their Role in Agriculture
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Machine Learning Model
1.2 Conclusions
References
2 Smart Farming Using Machine Learning and IoT
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Smart Farming
2.1.2 Technology Involvement in Smart Agriculture
2.2 Related Work
2.2.1 Monitoring Soil, Climate and Crop
2.2.2 Pesticide Control
2.2.3 Proper Fertilizer Uses
2.2.4 Intrusion Detection
2.2.5 Weed Control
2.2.6 Water Supply Management
2.3 Problem Identification
2.4 Objective Behind the Integrated Agro-IoT System
2.5 Proposed Prototype of the Integrated Agro-IoT System
2.5.1 Pest or Weed Detection Process
2.5.2 Fire Detection Process
2.6 Hardware Component Requirement for the Integrated Agro-IoT System
2.6.1 Sensors
2.6.2 Camera
2.6.3 Water Pump
2.6.4 Relay
2.6.5 Water Reservoir
2.6.6 Solar Panel
2.6.7 GSM Module
2.6.8 Iron Railing
2.6.9 Beaglebone Black
2.7 Comparative Study Between Raspberry Pi vs Beaglebone Black
2.7.1 Raw Comparison
2.7.2 Ease of Setup
2.7.3 Connections 2.7.4 Processor Showdown
2.7.5 Right Choice for Projects
2.8 Conclusions
2.9 Future Work
References
3 Agricultural Informatics vis-à-vis Internet of Things (IoT): The Scenario, Applications and Academic Aspects— International Trend & Indian Possibilities
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Objectives
3.3 Methods
3.4 Agricultural Informatics: An Account
3.4.1 Agricultural Informatics and Environmental Informatics
3.4.2 Stakeholders of Agricultural Informatics
3.5 Agricultural Informatics & Technological Components: Basics & Emergence
3.6 IoT: Basics and Characteristics
3.7 IoT: The Applications & Agriculture Areas
3.8 Agricultural Informatics & IoT: The Scenario
3.8.1 Weather, Climate & Agro IoT
3.8.2 Precision Cultivation With Agro IoT
3.8.3 IoT in Making Green House Perfect
3.8.4 Data Analytics and Management by IoT in Agro Space
3.8.5 Drone, IoT and Agriculture
3.8.6 Livestock Management Using AIoT
3.8.7 Environmental Monitoring & IoT, Environmental Informatics
3.9 IoT in Agriculture: Requirement, Issues & Challenges
3.10 Development, Economy and Growth: Agricultural Informatics Context
3.11 Academic Availability and Potentiality of IoT in Agricultural Informatics: International Scenario & Indian Possibilities
3.12 Suggestions
3.13 Conclusion
References
4 Application of Agricultural Drones and IoT to Understand Food Supply Chain During Post COVID-19
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Related Work
4.3 Smart Production With the Introduction of Drones and IoT
4.3.1 Real-Time Surveyed Data Collection and Storage Utilizing an IoT System
4.4 Agricultural Drones
4.5 IoT Acts as a Backbone in Addressing COVID-19 Problems in Agriculture
4.5.1 Implementation in Agriculture—Drones
4.5.2 Communication and Networking Mechanisms
4.5.3 Managing Agricultural Data Safety and Security of Individual Farmers
4.6 Conclusion
References
5 IoT and Machine Learning-Based Approaches for Real Time Environment Parameters Monitoring in Agriculture: An Empirical Review
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Machine Learning (ML)-Based IoT Solution
5.3 Motivation of the Work
5.4 Literature Review of IoT-Based Weather and Irrigation Monitoring for Precision Agriculture
5.5 Literature Review of Machine Learning-Based Weather and Irrigation Monitoring for Precision Agriculture
5.6 Challenges
5.7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
6 Deep Neural Network-Based Multi-Class Image Classification for Plant Diseases
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Related Work
6.3 Proposed Work
6.3.1 Dataset Description
6.3.2 Data Pre-Processing and Augmentation
6.3.3 CNN Architecture
6.4 Results and Evaluation
6.5 Conclusion
References
7 Deep Residual Neural Network for Plant Seedling Image Classification
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Architecture of CNN
7.1.2 Residual Network (ResNet)
7.2 Related Work
7.3 Proposed Work
7.3.1 Data Collection
7.3.2 Data Pre-Processing
7.3.3 Data Annotation and Augmentation
7.3.4 Training and Fine-Tuning
7.4 Result and Evaluation
7.4.1 Metrics
7.4.2 Result Analysis
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Development of IoT-Based Smart Security and Monitoring Devices for Agriculture
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Background & Related Works
8.3 Proposed Model
8.3.1 Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
8.3.2 Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR Sensor)
8.3.3 pH Sensor
8.3.4 Dielectric Soil Moisture Sensor
8.3.5 RGB-D Sensor
8.3.6 GSM Module
8.3.7 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
8.4 Methodology
8.5 Performance Analysis
8.6 Future Research Direction
8.7 Conclusion
References
9 An Integrated Application of IoT-Based WSN in the Field of Indian Agriculture System Using Hybrid Optimization Technique and Machine Learning
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Contribution in Detail
9.2 Literature Review
9.3 Proposed Hybrid Algorithms (GA-MWPSO)
9.4 Reliability Optimization and Coverage Optimization Model
9.5 Problem Description
9.6 Numerical Examples, Results and Discussion
9.6.1 Case Example
9.6.2 Theoretical Approach to Make Machine Learning Model
9.7 Conclusion
References
10 Decryption and Design of a Multicopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Heavy Lift Agricultural Operations
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Classification of Small UAVs
10.2 History of Multicopter UAVs
10.3 Basic Components of Multicopter UAV
10.3.1 Airframe
10.3.2 Propulsion System
10.3.3 Command and Control System
10.4 Working and Control Mechanism of Multicopter UAV
10.4.1 Upward and Downward Movement
10.4.2 Forward and Backward Movement
10.4.3 Leftward-and-Rightward Movement
10.4.4 Yaw Movement
10.5 Design Calculations and Selection of Components
10.5.1 Fuselage Configuration
10.5.2 Propeller Selection
10.5.3 Motor Selection
10.5.4 Maximum Power and Current Requirement
10.5.5 Thrust Requirement by Motor [32]
10.5.6 Thrust Requirement by the Propeller
10.5.7 Endurance or Flight Time
10.5.8 Maximum Airframe Size
10.6 Conclusion
References
11 IoT-Enabled Agricultural System Application, Challenges and Security Issues
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Background & Related Works
11.3 Challenges to Implement IoT-Enabled Systems
11.3.1 Secured Data Generation and Transmission and Privacy
11.3.2 Lack of Supporting Infrastructure
11.3.3 Technical Skill Requirement
11.3.4 Complexity in Software and Hardware
11.3.5 Bulk Data
11.3.6 Disrupted Connectivity to the Cloud
11.3.7 Better Connectivity
11.3.8 Interoperability Issue
11.3.9 Crop Management Issues
11.3.10 Power Consumption
11.3.11 Environmental Challenges
11.3.12 High Cost
11.4 Security Issues and Measures
11.5 Future Research Direction
11.6 Conclusion
References
12 Plane Region Step Farming, Animal and Pest Attack Control Using Internet of Things
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Possible Various Applications in Agriculture
12.1.2 Cayenne IoT Builder
12.2 Proposed Work
12.2.1 Design of Agro Farm Structure
12.3 Irrigation Methodology
12.3.1 Irrigation Scheduling
12.3.2 Two Critical Circumstances Farmers Often Face
12.3.3 Irrigation Indices
12.4 Sensor Connection Using Internet of Things
12.4.1 Animal Attack Control
12.4.2 Pest Attack Control
12.4.3 DHT 11 Humidity & Temperature Sensor
12.4.4 Rain Sensor Module
12.4.5 Soil Moisture Sensor
12.5 Placement of Sensor in the Field
12.6 Conclusion
References
Index
EULA