Preface
Acknowledgements
Praise for African Cities Through Local Eyes
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Five Points for Conceptualising Place-Based Approaches to African Urban Planning: An Introduction
1.1 Whys and Wherefores of Place-Based Approaches
1.1.1 Urbanisation Challenges in African Cities
1.1.2 Towards a Paradigm Shift: Reframing the Scope of Planning for African Cities
1.1.3 The Politics of Place-Based Approaches
1.2 Specifics of Place-Based Approaches
1.2.1 Point 1: Place from Fixity to Change
1.2.2 Point 2: Local Knowledge Matters
1.2.3 Point 3: Tools and Methods for Collaborative/Non-collaborative Place-Based Practices
1.2.4 Point 4: Where Place-Based Approaches Meet Democratisation and Empowerment
1.2.5 Point 5: Institutional Leadership is Ultimately the Key to Long-Term Place-Based Approaches
1.3 Ways of Looking at African Cities from Place-Based Perspectives: Commonalities and Criticalities
1.3.1 The Shifting Meaning of Place, from a Changeless Physical Entity to a Dynamic Sociocultural One
1.3.2 The Added Value of Including Local and Expert Knowledge into Multiple Knowledge Systems
1.3.3 Implementing Collaborative and Non-collaborative Place-Based Practices
1.3.4 Democratisation and Empowerment Objectives in Place-Based Approaches
1.3.5 The Role of Institutions in Establishing Place-Based Approaches in the Long Term
1.4 Conclusions
References
2 Re-inscribing the Communal: Towards Decolonial Urban Futures
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Re-inscribing the Communal: Decolonial Practice
2.2.1 Spatial Planning in Urban Villages
2.2.2 Indigenous Layout Pattern/Horseshoe Pattern: Zone A
2.2.3 Modernist Planning: Zones B and C
2.3 Response to Modernist Planning: The Persistence of the Communal as an Organising Concept
2.3.1 Indigenous Governance Structures
2.3.2 Resilience of the Patlelo
2.3.3 Prevalence and Continuation of Mixed Land Use
2.4 Conclusions
References
3 Urbanisation Without Urbanity, Modernity Without Modernisation. Recording Biographical Trajectories of Houses in the Dendi Rural Region (North Benin)
3.1 A Literature Focused on Traditional Rural Architecture in Western Africa
3.2 The Dendi Region, a Sub-Saharan African Rural Territory
3.2.1 A Territory at the Crossroads of Different Political Entities
3.2.2 Birni Lafia, an Ordinary Village
3.3 Recording Biographical Trajectories of Houses
3.4 Case Study: Four Compounds of Birni Lafia
3.4.1 Tondo Windi
3.4.2 Kosukwé Windi
3.4.3 Windi Béri
3.4.4 Mariam Windi
3.5 Urbanisation Without Urbanity, Modernity Without Modernisation
References
4 Designing the Diaspora: Expressing African Heritage in Historic Charleston
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Brick by Bloody Brick
4.3 What Lies Beneath
4.4 Rooted in Africa
References
5 Nature-Based Solutions for Public Green Spaces in Sub-Saharan Africa—Integrating Place-Making and Green Infrastructure
5.1 Spatial Planning for Public Open Spaces and Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Africa
5.2 Place-Making: A Social Approach to Planning Urban Open Spaces
5.3 Green Infrastructure: An Environmental Approach to Planning Urban Open Spaces
5.4 Nature-Based Solutions in Urban Planning and Design Through an Integration of Place-Making and Green Infrastructure
5.5 Applying Place-Making and Green Infrastructure Interfaces: A Case Study of a Public Green Space in Potchefstroom
5.5.1 Linking Place-Making’s “Sociability”, “Uses and Activities” with Green Infrastructure’s “Multi-functionality”, and “Social Inclusivity”
5.5.2 Linking Place-Making’s “Access and Linkages” and “Comfort and Image” with Green Infrastructure’s “Connectivity” and “Integration”
5.6 Refining Place-Making and Green Infrastructure Integration in Urban Planning and Design Through Nature-Based Solutions
5.7 Conclusions and Planning Recommendations
References
6 Slums as Opportunities? Spatial Organisation, Microeconomy and Self-made Infrastructures in Freetown Informal Settlements
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Freetown: A Glorious Past and a Future of Challenges
6.2.1 A City Running Out of Space
6.2.2 Lack of Infrastructure and Environmental Degradation
6.3 Spatial Organisation, Microeconomy and Self-made Infrastructures in Freetown Informal Settlements
6.3.1 Spatial Self-organisation of Slums
6.3.2 Self-built Infrastructures in Freetown Slums
6.3.3 The Informal System of Rents and Rights
6.3.4 Informal Micro-economy Systems
6.4 Slums as Opportunities? A Different Point of View
6.4.1 Compact Urban Structure and Sprawl Reduction
6.4.2 Offer of Affordable Housing
6.4.3 Waste Management and Recycling
6.4.4 Microeconomics and Transport Systems
6.5 Conclusions
References
7 Divergent Practice: Architecture as a Multidimensional Impact Tool in Rural Lesotho
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Formulating the Approach
7.2.1 Background and Context
7.2.2 Reconceptualising the Mode of Architectural Practice
7.3 The Practice of Designing for Impact
7.3.1 Generating the Impact Strategy
7.3.2 Intervention Logic
7.4 Notes on a Divergent Method of Practice
7.4.1 Limitations and Further Study
7.4.2 Conclusions on the Design Process
References
8 Teaching Design in a Post-rainbow Nation: A South African Reflection on the Limits and Opportunities of Design Praxis
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 City-Making and Research Praxis in South Africa
8.1.2 Methodology of the Case Studies and the Chapter
8.2 Reflexive Case Study A: StudioATdenver
8.2.1 A Background to Service Learning and Design-Led Research at UJ
8.2.2 StudioATdenver 2014–2017
8.2.3 Limits and Opportunities from the StudioATdenver
8.3 Reflexive Case Study B: Alternative Practice at UJ
8.3.1 A Background to Spatial Design Praxis for City-Making in Johannesburg
8.3.2 Professional Practice—Alternative Practice 2013–2017
8.3.3 Limits and Opportunities of the Alternative Practice Course at UJ
8.4 What Could This Mean for City-Making, Teaching and Research Spaces in Post-Rainbow Nation South Africa?
8.4.1 Unlearning City-Making in South Africa
8.4.2 Limits
8.4.3 Opportunities
References
9 Urban Resilience and the Question of Food in Ethiopian Urbanisation: The Case of a Small Town in Ethiopia—Amdework
9.1 Introduction
9.2 From Resilience to Specified Resilience
9.3 Food Resilience and Spatial Planning
9.4 Method, Objectives, Materials and Context
9.5 Results and Discussions
9.5.1 Food Resilience and Production: Severely Stressed
9.5.2 Food Resilience and Consumption: Still Stressed
9.5.3 Food Resilience and the Chain
9.5.4 Efforts to Improve Food Resilience in the Town—Coping with the Stress
9.6 Conclusions
References
10 Transnational Urban Spaces. Production Locations of the Global Clothing Industry in Ethiopia
10.1 Introduction: A Research Framework for Transnational Spaces of Production
10.2 Singular Integrated Textile and Garment Factories on the Fringes of Addis Ababa
10.3 State-Developed Industrial Parks
10.4 Conclusion and Outlook
References
11 Learning from Selembao: An Alternative Approach to Kinshasa’s Urbanization, Using the Concept of Mboka Bilanga
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Peri-Urban: An Unstable Built Environment?
11.3 Towards a Paradigm Shift: From the Peri-Urban as a Physical Condition to Urbanization as a Dynamic Process
11.4 Outlining Mboka Bilanga: The Case of Selembao
11.5 Structuring the Extensive Urbanization of Selembao
11.6 Organizing (Im)mobility
11.7 Slope Solidarity: Towards a Decentralized Urbanization
11.8 Conclusions
References
12 Households’ and Community Initiatives Towards City Resilience: The Case of Flood Resilience in Dar es Salaam
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Resilient Communities—Resilient Cities
12.3 Policy and Capacity for Resilient Cities and Flood-Related Disaster in Tanzania
12.3.1 Legal and Institutional Set-Up for Resilience in Tanzania
12.3.2 Institutional Capacity to Support Resilience Initiatives at the Local Level
12.4 Bottom-Up Resilience, the Case of Mbweni, Dar es Salaam
12.4.1 Mobilisation of Resources for Emergency Action
12.4.2 Implementation of Individual On-Site Adaptation Technics
12.4.3 Information Gathering and Planning
12.4.4 Roles of Local Leaders in Facilitating Resource Mobilisation and Formalisation of Initiatives
12.5 Discussions on Building Synergies Between Grassroots and City-Level Resilience
12.6 Conclusion
References
13 Motivations to Co-produce Water, Hygiene and Sanitation Services in the Peri-urban Area of Kinshasa
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Theoretical Background
13.2.1 WASH Services
13.2.2 Motivation in the Context of WASH Services in the South
13.2.3 VEA Initiative Programme
13.2.4 Operational Functioning of the VEA Programme
13.3 Methodology
13.4 Biyela Settlement, Municipality of Kimbanseke
13.5 Key Conditions and Motivations in the Co-production of an Alternative Service
13.6 Conclusion
References
14 The Government Systems-Trust-Collective Action Nexus: The Case of Amdework
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Government Systems, Trust and Collective Action
14.3 Local Government Systems in Amdework
14.4 Alternative Sources of Power
14.5 Generalised Trust and Confidence in Local Government Institutions
14.6 A Whole Other Different Story: Experiences from Two Planning Projects
14.7 Conclusion
References
15 Local Solid Waste Management Practices in the City of Zinder in Niger
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Collection of Solid Waste by Non-institutional Actors: Discrepancy Between Norms and Practices Due to Rampant Urbanisation
15.3 A Qualitative and Quantitative Methodological Approach
15.4 Actors Involved in the Management of the Urban Environment in Zinder
15.4.1 Formal Framework of the Solid Waste Management in Zinder
15.4.2 Ineffective Institutional Actors in the Waste Management System in Zinder
15.4.3 Effective Non-institutional and Informal Actors in Zinder Waste Management
15.5 Production, Composition and Current Management of Solid Waste in Zinder City
15.6 Sustainability of the Current Solid Waste Management in Zinder
15.7 Discussion
15.7.1 Lack of Synergy Between Actors and the Discrepancy Between Legislation and Implementation in the Solid Waste Sector in Zinder
15.7.2 Urban Waste Management Mode Differs According to the Socioeconomic Status of Households
15.8 Conclusion
References
