β Scribed by V.N. Bringi (editor), Kumar Vijay Mishra (editor), Merhala Thurai (editor)
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Cover
Contents
About the editors
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of editors
List of contributors
List of reviewers
Introduction to volume 3
1 Radar hydrology
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Radar hydrology and the climatology of extreme rainfall
1.2.1 Radar-rainfall data sets
1.2.2 Stochastic storm transposition
1.2.3 Polarimetric measurements and extreme rainfall: an example
1.2.4 Radar-rainfall biases
1.3 Radar hydrology and flood forecasting
1.3.1 Radar-rainfall hydrologic visibility
1.3.2 Random vs. systematic errors
1.4 Summary and outlook
Acknowledgments
References
2 Quantitative precipitation estimation from weather radars, personal weather stations and commercial microwave links
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Datasets and evaluation metrics
2.3 QPE with ground-based weather radars
2.3.1 Signal processing
2.3.2 Clutter removal
2.3.3 Attenuation correction
2.3.4 Vertical profile of reflectivity correction
2.3.5 Conversion to rainfall intensity
2.3.6 Radar-gauge adjustment
2.3.7 Evaluation
2.4 QPE with personal weather stations
2.4.1 Quality control
2.4.2 Evaluation
2.5 QPE with commercial microwave links
2.5.1 Sources of error and processing chain
2.5.2 Evaluation
2.6 Summary and outlook
2.6.1 Merging opportunistic sensing and radar data
2.6.2 CMLs as βweather radarsβ for the tropics
Acknowledgements
References
3 Quantitative weather radar: a research to operations perspective in Canada
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Weather radars at ECCC
3.2.1 Early years
3.2.2 Radar renewal I
3.2.3 Dual-polarisation (DP) technology
3.2.4 Radar renewal II
3.3 Quality control (QC)/quality assurance (QA) research
3.3.1 Aspects of quality
3.3.2 Monitoring tools
3.3.3 Antenna pointing
3.3.4 Exploiting dual-PRFβs alternating sampling
3.3.5 Assessing radar siting
3.4 Quantitative precipitation estimation
3.4.1 C-band and S-band radars
3.4.2 Satellite-based QPE
3.5 Particle classification
3.5.1 C-band radar era
3.5.2 S-band radar era
3.6 Linking research to production and services
3.6.1 Radar data assimilation
3.6.2 Global perspective
Acknowledgement
References
4 Volcanic plume retrieval using weather radar
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theoretical framework
4.2.1 Volcanic solid emissions
4.2.2 Tephra size and composition
4.2.3 Tephra particle size distribution and mass concentration
4.3 Tephra mass and size retrieval
4.4 Tephra velocity field retrieval
4.4.1 Methodology
4.4.2 Velocity regimes identification
4.4.3 Case studies and examples
4.5 Mass eruption rate retrieval
4.5.1 Methodology
4.5.2 Sensor synergy
4.5.3 Case studies
4.6 Conclusions
References
5 The effect of weather on the performance of mm-wave and sub-THz automotive radar
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Basic principle of automotive radar
5.1.2 Characterization of sub-THz and mm-wave channels
5.1.3 Methodology
5.2 Atmospheric attenuation at mm-wave and sub-THz frequency bands
5.2.1 Attenuation through rain
5.2.2 Attenuation through snowfall
5.2.3 Analysis of radar performance operating in the presence of fire and smoke
5.3 Attenuation through vehicle infrastructure and natural contaminants
5.3.1 Theoretical modeling of reflectivity and transmissivity through uniform multilayered structure
5.3.2 Measurement methodology of transmissivity through vehicle infrastructure and contaminant
5.3.3 Effect of uniform layers of natural contaminants on transmissivity
5.3.4 Modeling of transmissivity through discrete nonuniform contaminants
5.4 Summary of the results
5.5 Conclusion and discussion
References
6 Spectral interference in weather radars from wireless communication systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Problem description
6.3 Impacts on operational services
6.4 Why is interference a prevalent problem for weather radars?
6.5 Mitigation approaches
6.5.1 Regulatory
6.5.2 Technical
Acknowledgements
References
7 Advances in weather radar monitoring of bird movement
7.1 Method development and field validation
7.1.1 The relationship between reflectivity and bird density
7.1.2 Vertical profiling
7.1.3 Validation by collocated field campaigns
7.1.4 Airspeed and heading
7.1.5 Stopover mapping and habitat association
7.1.6 Machine learning advances in identification and classification
7.1.7 Integrative models for radar network data
7.1.8 Data quality and radar processor settings
7.1.9 Forecasting and predictive models
7.2 Monitoring and ornithological applications of weather radar data
7.2.1 Flyway mapping
7.2.2 Migration stopovers
7.2.3 Phenology of migration
7.2.4 Biomass flows and abundance
7.2.5 Bird flight behaviour
7.2.6 Artificial lights and migration
7.3 Importance of ornithological radar data beyond traditional ornithology
7.3.1 Existing applications
7.3.2 Developing applications
7.4 Necessary conceptual, technological, and methodological developments
7.4.1 Standardized data streams and appropriate data infrastructure
7.4.2 Improved classification and identification algorithms
7.4.3 Integration of radar data with auxiliary data
7.4.4 Future outlook
References
8 Complementary operation of Doppler radar and lidar at airports
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 The terminal Doppler weather radar
8.1.2 Combined Doppler radar/lidar operation
8.2 Regulations and further considerations for integrated wind shear detection with radar and lidar
8.2.1 Requirements on ground-based lidar wind shear monitoring
8.2.2 Wind shear detection with radar and lidar
8.3 Fundamentals of Doppler radar operation
8.3.1 The meteorological radar equation
8.3.2 Velocity measurement
8.3.3 Solid-state radars
8.4 Fundamentals of Doppler lidar operation
8.4.1 Estimation of radial velocity (and turbulence)
8.4.2 The semi-analytic pulsed coherent lidar equation
8.5 Meeting wind shear detection requirements in different conditions
8.5.1 Radar and lidar detection skills: a view from aloft
8.5.2 Detection skills and atmospheric phenomena in Np, rp-space
8.5.3 Visibility, a common ground for radar and lidar?
8.6 Comparison of different classes of X-Band weather radars and their suitability for different airport applications
8.7 Classes of lidars for airport operations
8.7.1 Classes of lidars for airport wind field monitoring and wind shear detection
8.8 Radar and lidar complementary wind products and algorithms
8.8.1 Examples of complementary products for operational combined systems of radar and lidar
8.8.2 Product algorithm examples
8.8.3 Runway-oriented wind shear
8.8.4 Echo classification
8.8.5 Lidar range extension ML algorithm
References
Epilogue
Back Cover
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