Advances in Research in Geosciences, Geotechnical Engineering, and Environmental Science: Proceedings of the Fourth Scientific Conference on ... in Earth and Environmental Sciences)

✍ Scribed by Khadija Baba (editor), Latifa Ouadif (editor), Abderrahman Nounah (editor), Mounir Bouassida (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 488
• Edition: 1st ed. 2023
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The industrial acceleration intensifies the negative environmental impacts, mainly in some very sensitive geographical areas. Environmental problems like water stress, deadly floods, scarcity of building materials, and prolonged periods of drought affect southern countries, including African nations. This book comprises the peer-reviewed proceedings of the fourth scientific conference on geosciences and environmental management (GeoME'4), held in Salé, Morocco, on June 22–24, 2023. The book interests all researchers, practitioners, and students in geosciences, the environment, and water management.

The book delivers a comprehensive overview of the latest research covering the following aspects of green technologies for sustainable water and wastewater management: nature-based solutions in the water cycle and advanced technologies in geosciences, geotechnics, and the environment. Additionally, it features six keynote speakers by international experts, providing valuable insights and further enhancing its value as a comprehensive resource on the following topics:

• Water management
• Environmental engineering
• Geosciences and geotechnical engineering

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
Environmental Engineering
Influence of Organic Household Waste and Olive Pomace Composts on Fenugreek Seeds Germination and Growth
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results
3.1 Germination Rate
3.2 Germination Index
3.3 Vigor Index
3.4 Composts Addition Effect on Root Seedlings Development
3.5 The Influence of Composts Addition on the Dry Matter Weight
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
What Air Quality at the Hassan II Bridge? Case Of Rabat-Sale, Morocco
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results
3.1 Descriptive Analysis
3.2 Principal Component Analysis
3.3 Econometric Analysis
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Diachronic Analysis of the Spatio-Temporal Evolution of an Estuary over Half a Century: The Case of Bouregreg Estuary in Morocco
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results
3.1 Assessment of Land Use Patterns and Spatial Attributes
3.2 Investigation of Land Use Transfer Characteristics in the Bouregreg Estuary
3.3 Change Dynamic of Land Use Features of the Bouregreg Estuary
4 Discussion
4.1 Assessment of Land Use Patterns and Spatial Attributes
4.2 Investigation of Land Use Transfer Characteristics in the Bouregreg Estuary
4.3 Change Dynamic of Land Use Features of the Bouregreg Estuary
5 Conclusions
References
Performance Evaluation of Trombe Wall with Multi-fold Glazing
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Building Description
2.2 Trombe Wall Properties
2.3 Numerical Simulation
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Greening of Oil Mills: Challenges and Constraints of Adaptation (Case of the Taounate Region in Morocco)
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
2.1 Environmental Impact of the Olive Industry in Morocco
2.2 Greening Techniques of Oil Mills for a Harmonious Development of the Olive Sector
3 Methodology
3.1 Study Area
3.2 Methods and Materials
4 Results
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Evaluation of Window-Blind’s Effectiveness on Reducing Total Energy Consumption of a Library Building for Different Slat Angles
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Building Description
2.2 Shading Devices Presentation
2.3 Designbuilder Simulation
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Development of a BIM-BEM Approach for Modelling and Simulation of Indoor Thermal Comfort Factors Relating to Property Value: The Case of Residential Building
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
The Energy Rehabilitation of a Riad’s Building Located in the Mediterranean Climate
1 Introduction
2 Case Study: Riad Building
2.1 Climate Analysis of Rabat City
2.2 Riad Building Materials
2.3 Wall Compositions
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Analysis of Wind Energy Production in Five Cities in the Southern Region of Morocco
1 Introduction
2 Status of Wind Installed Capacity in Morocco
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Research Object
3.2 Wind Energy Calculation Method
3.3 Evaluating Wind Energy Generation
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Meteorological Data
4.2 Wind Turbines
4.3 Energy Production of Wind Turbines
5 Conclusions
References
Sound Absorption and Transmission of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Micro-Perforated Plates
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Formulations
2.1 Homogeneous Perforation (MPP in Series)
2.2 Transmission and Absorption Properties
2.3 Inhomogeneous Perforation (MPP in Parallel).
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Model Validation
3.2 Parametric Study
4 Discussions
5 Conclusion
References
Optimization of Building Envelopes Types for Maximizing the Energy Saving
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results
3.1 Multi-objective Optimization
3.2 Cost Analysis
3.3 Environmental Analysis
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Liquid–Liquid Extraction Studies of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr and Zn) from Phosphoric Acid Solutions Using C11H18N2O as a Synthetic Agent
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Reagents and Solutions
2.2 Extraction Process
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Reaction Mechanism
3.2 Extraction of Cadmium (Cd), Chrome (Cr) and Zinc (Zn) of H3PO4 Industrial
4 Conclusion
References
Unveiling the Physicochemical Characteristics of Organic Materials for Composting: Unleashing Their Potential for Sustainable Waste Management in Morocco
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 The Analytical Methods
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion and Perspective
References
Evolution of Vegetation and Forests with Future Expectations of Changes in Lakhdar Sub-basin
1 Introduction
2 Methods and Materials
2.1 Methodology Used in This Study Flowchart
2.2 LULC Cover Classified Maps
2.3 LULC Change Simulation Using the CA-Markov Chain
2.4 LULC Prediction Validation
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Amount Change in Area Over 19 Years in Square Kilometer Graph
3.2 Validation of Model Predicting Land Use Changes
3.3 Current and Predicted Maps of Land Use Change Combination
4 Conclusion
References
First Step Towards Ecological Heating in Green School Procurement Relating to Operations and Maintenance: A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Study Area and Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Diagnosis
3.2 Heating’s Maintenance Management User-Focused
3.3 Promoting Buying Green Using Public Procurement
4 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Quality Assessment in Terms of Agricultural Water Supply and Macro Element Contents in Water of Çorlu Stream (Thrace Region, Türkiye)
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Collecting Surface Water Samples from Çorlu Stream
2.2 Analysis of Macro Elements
2.3 Calculation of Applied Indices
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Geosciences and Geotechnical Engineering
Thermophysical Properties of an Eco-friendly Mortar Incorporating Drinking Water Treatment Sludge
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Mortar Preparation
2.3 Experimental Testing
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Workability
3.2 Porosity and Density
3.3 Thermal Properties
4 Conclusions
References
Reinforcement of a Rock Mass Slope by Prestressed Anchors and Analysis of It’s Behavior Under Tensioning: A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusion
References
Mitigating Soil Swelling: Exploring the Efficacy of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforcement in Controlling Expansion of Expansive Soils
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Assessing Organic Matter of Port Dredged Sediment for Valorization in Civil Engineering
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Data Collection
2.3 Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Results
3.2 Comparison with Literature Values
3.3 Limitations and Directions for Further Research
4 Conclusions
References
Seismic Retrofitting: Analyzing the Effectiveness of RC Shear Walls and CFRP Reinforcement for RC Structures
1 Introduction
2 Non-Linear Static Method
3 Description of Seismic Retrofit Approaches
3.1 Seismic Reinforcement with a Shear Wall
3.2 Seismic Reinforcement with CFRP
4 Study Case
4.1 Geometry
4.2 Seismic Data
5 Results
5.1 Plastics Hinges
5.2 Pushover Curves
6 Conclusion
References
Effect of Curing Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Binder Based Natural Moroccan Pozzolan
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Physical Properties & UPV Values
3.2 Mechanical Properties
4 Conclusions
References
Sedimentological and Lithostratigraphic Study of Paleocene-Eocene of Foum El Kouss and lmiter, the Southern Flank of the Central High Atlas. Morocco
1 Introduction
2 Geographic and Geological Setting
3 Methodology
4 Results
4.1 Lithostratigraphic Analysis
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Conceptual Modelling of the Effects of Moisture on Particle Breakage
1 Introduction
2 The Engineering Framework of Crushable Granular Materials
3 Modelling of Experimental Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Enhancing the Carrying Capacity of Friction Anchor Bolts Through Cementitious Concrete Injection for Reinforced Support in Underground Mine
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Tested Friction Anchorage Bolt
2.2 Principle of the Test
3 Theory
3.1 Friction Bolt Adherence
3.2 Cementitious Mixture Injection
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Behavior of Bolts in a Dry Rock Mass
4.2 Behavior of Bolts in a Dry Rock Mass
4.3 Effect of Curing Time on Cemented Anchor Bolts
4.4 Impact of Groundwater on Bearing Capacity
4.5 Effect of Drilling Speed on Pull-Out Resistance
4.6 Impact of Water-to-Cement Ratio on Rock Bolt Resistance
5 Conclusion
References
Foundations on Rocky Sites: Behavioral Differences and Optimization of Shallow Foundation Systems with and Without Connecting Sleeper Beams on Sandstone Formation
1 Introduction
2 Context
3 Standard Legislation on Foundation Connecting Beams
3.1 RPS2011
3.2 PS92
4 Necessary Checks for Foundation Footings
5 Study Area’s Soil Mechanics
6 Study Area’s Seismic Context
6.1 RPS2011
6.2 PS92 and EC8
7 Checking the Foundation Footing
7.1 EC7
7.2 DTU 13.12
8 Connecting Beams Dimensioning
9 Comparison of Foundations with and Without Connections
9.1 Costs
9.2 Timelapse
9.3 Total Optimization
10 Discussion
11 Conclusions
References
Effect of Overstress on Slope Stability in a Fractured Massif
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Structural Analysis of the M'HAOUDATT Pit Wall
3.1 Fracturing Wall Fronts State
3.2 Exploited Benches Condition
3.3 Pit Wall State
4 M'HAOUDATT Pit Wall Slopes Analysis
4.1 Absence of Safety Berms
4.2 Effect of the Principal Constraint
4.3 Effect of Waste Rock Embankment
4.4 Water Condition
5 Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Analyzing the Influence of Bracing Types on the Overall Displacement of Reinforced Concrete Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Bracing Systems
2.1 Column Bracing Systems
2.2 Shear Wall Bracing System
2.3 Mixed Bracing System
3 Moroccan Seismic Construction Regulations (RPS) 2000 Revised in 2011
4 Study Data
4.1 Normalized Earthquake Following the Moroccan Seismic Construction Regulations RPS 2011
4.2 Earthquake Data—ZGH Station
4.3 Analysis of Response Spectrum
4.4 Structural Design and Modeling
4.5 Material and Geometry
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Global Lateral Displacement
5.2 Comparison of Structural Masses
6 Conclusion
References
Comparing Design Methods and Code Structures: A Case Study Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Resistance Force of the Column with Consideration of Buckling
2.1 Model with Working Stress Design
2.2 Model with Limit State Design
2.3 Model with Eurocodes
3 Calculation of Ultimate Load Q
3.1 Calculation Using Working Stress Design
3.2 Calculation Using Limit State Design
4 Safety Factor
5 Calculating the Resisting Force, Neglecting Buckling
5.1 Calculation Using Working Stress Design
5.2 Calculation Using Limit State Design and Eurocodes
6 Discussions of the Results
References
Comparative Study of Two Reinforcement Layouts for Improved Efficiency and Load Distribution in Prestressed Concrete Elements
1 Introduction
2 Reinforcement Drawings Used
2.1 Simply-Supported Beam: Intermediate Span
2.2 Fixed–Fixed Beam on One End and Simply-Supported on the Other: Edge Span
3 Finding a Layout of Wedges that Match in the Case of an End Span
4 Conclusion
References
Seismic Performance Investigation of RC Building Using Nonlinear Static Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Pushover Analysis
3 Description of the Structure Studied
4 Structure Modeling and Analysis
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
A Strategic Approach in Order to Manage and Conserve Historic Buildings, Using GIS and 3D Technologies
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Data Collection
2.3 Photogrammetric Survey
2.4 Methodology and Database Creation
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Thematic Maps of Marinid Madrasa Elements
3.2 Thematic Map of Roman Assets
4 Conclusion
References
Road Distress Detection and Classification: Harnessing the Synergy of Deep Learning and Transfer Learning Approaches
1 Introduction
2 Datasets and Method
2.1 Datasets
2.2 Method
2.3 Model Performance Measures
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Testing Models for Binary Image Classification
3.2 Testing of Multi-label Classification Models
4 Conclusions
References
Geomechanical Classification and Observational Method for Deep Urban Excavations in Shale Formations
1 Introduction
2 Project Background
2.1 Regional Geology
3 Geotechnical Context of the Study Site
3.1 Rock Identification
4 Geomechanical Classifications
4.1 Assessment of Rock Mass Fracturing by RQD
4.2 Bieniawski Classification (RMR)
4.3 Geological Strength Index Classification
5 The Observational Method
5.1 Definition of Alert Thresholds and Precision of Measurements
6 Results and Discussion
6.1 Rock Mass Classification
6.2 Field Instrumentation
6.3 Vertical Displacements of the Adjacent Building
6.4 Horizontal Displacements of the Soil Nailed Wall
7 Conclusions
References
Modeling the Fatigue Behavior of Pavement Using the Finite Element Method
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results
3.1 Results of Reconnaissance Work
3.2 Proctor Test Results
3.3 Laboratory Tests Results
4 Conclusions
References
Modeling Post-Covid 19 Variability of Potholes According to Visual Inspection Results: GIS Approach
1 Introduction
2 History of GIS Applications in Road Pavement Management
2.1 International Context
2.2 Local Context
3 Research Significance and Methods
3.1 Moroccan Method: Visual Inspection
3.2 Deformation Matrix
3.3 GIS Approach
3.4 Study Area
4 Results
4.1 Model Validation
4.2 Pothole Modeling During 2018 (Before the COVID-19 Period)
4.3 Modelling Potholes After Deconfinement (‘2020)
5 Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
The Traditional Building Materials in the Ksours of Rissani
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Description of the Ksours and Their Cultural and Architectural Importance
2.2 The Traditional Materials and Techniques Used in the Ksours of Rissani
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 The Advantages of Using Traditional Building Materials in the Ksours of Rissani
3.2 The Limitations of Using Traditional Building Materials in the Ksours of Rissani (Arial 10)
4 Conclusions
References
Spectral Responses and Building Elevations: A Case Study of the Mediterranean Earthquake in Morocco
1 Introduction
2 Seismic Structure Analysis (Moroccan Seismic Construction Rules RPS 2011)
3 Reminder of the Duhamel Integration Method
4 Case Study
4.1 Earthquake Data
4.2 Basic Data of the Structures Studied
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 The Response Spectra
5.2 The Impact of Response Spectra on Buildings of Various Heights
6 Conclusion
References
An Examination of the Effects of Overestimating Mechanical Properties on Instabilities: The Tangier-Kenitra High-Speed Line Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Geotechnical Model
3 Results: Examination of the Generated Events
4 Discussions and Analysis of the Facts
5 Conclusions
References
Expansive Soils: Is It a Hidden Problem in Civil Engineering?
1 Introduction
2 Damages and Costs
2.1 Structural Damages Due to Swelling Soils
2.2 Financial Costs Associated with Expansive Soils
2.3 Mitigation Methods
3 Methods to Characterize Expansive Soils
3.1 Existing Approaches
3.2 Proposed Method: The Use of CC/CS Ratio
4 Discussion of Results
5 Conclusions
References
Water Management
Accumulation of Potentially Hazardous Elements in Water of a Significant Reservoir in Marmara Region of Türkiye
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Collecting Surface Water Samples from Reservoir
2.2 PTEs Analysis and Statistical Application
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Hydraulic Study of Fan Spillway Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Experimental Approaches
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup and Numerical Approaches
2.1 Physical Experiments
2.2 Numerical Model and Flow Simulation
2.3 Grid Analysis Study
2.4 RANS Governing Equations
2.5 Free Surface Modelling
3 Results
3.1 Shock Waves in the Collecting Trough
3.2 Velocity and Pressure Fields in the Whole Structure
3.3 The Length of the Jet Downstream of the Dam
4 Conclusions
References
Piano Key Weirs: A Bibliometric Study of Patterns and Trends in Scientific Literature
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Performance Analysis
3.2 Publication Trend
3.3 Country Distribution
3.4 Journal of Publication
3.5 Most Contributing Authors
4 Conclusion
References
Evolution of Desalination in Morocco
1 Introduction
2 Government's Strategy Towards the Drought Situation.
3 Evolution of Desalination in Morocco:
3.1 Desalination/demineralization in Morocco Between 1975 and 1995
3.2 Desalination in Morocco Between 1995 and 2022 [7]
3.3 Desalination in Morocco Taking into Account Ongoing Construction Projects [9]
3.4 Desalination Plants Projected to Be Commissioned Starting from 2027 and Currently Under Development
4 Conclusion
References
Linear Hydrography Mapping Using Airborne Lidar
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 State of Art
2.2 Study Area
2.3 Collection and Processing of LiDAR Data
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Production of the Digital Elvation Model
3.2 Extraction of the Hydrographic Network and the Subwatershed
3.3 Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Author Index