Advances in Polymer Nanocomposites: Types and Applications

✍ Scribed by Gao, Fengge(Editor)

• Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
• Year: 2018;2017
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 320
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The addition of nanoparticles to polymer composites has led to a new generation of composite materials with enhanced and novel properties. Advances in polymer nanocomposites reviews the main types of polymer nanocomposites and their applications.

Part one reviews types of polymer nanocomposites according to fillers. Processing of carbon nanotube-based nanocomposites, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and cellulose nanoparticles as functional fillers and reinforcement are discussed, alongside calcium carbonate and metal-polymer nanocomposites. Part two focuses on types of polymer nanocomposites according to matrix polymer, with polyolefin-based, (PVC)-based, nylon-based, (PET)-based and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based polymer nanocomposites discussed. Soft, gel and biodegradable polymer nanocomposites are also considered. Part three goes on to investigate key applications, including fuel cells, aerospace applications, optical applications, coatings and flame-retardant polymer nanocomposites.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Advances in polymer nanocomposites is an essential guide for professionals and academics involved in all aspects of the design, development and application of polymer nanocomposites.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Related title......Page 3
Applications ofNanocomposite Materialsin Orthopedics......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
List of contributors......Page 6
Preface......Page 9
Introduction......Page 10
Tissue engineering......Page 11
Bone tissue engineering......Page 13
Chitosan......Page 14
Alginates......Page 16
Starches......Page 19
Cellulose......Page 20
Collagen......Page 21
Gelatin......Page 23
Hyaluronic acid (HA)......Page 24
Dextran......Page 25
Synthetic biodegradable polymers......Page 26
Polylactic acid (PLA)......Page 28
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)......Page 30
Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF)......Page 33
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)......Page 34
Conclusion......Page 35
References......Page 36
Introduction......Page 47
General principles of electrospinning......Page 48
Electrospun nanocomposites for medical applications......Page 50
Electrospun nanocomposite for bone tissues regeneration via osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis......Page 52
Electrospun biomaterials for bone tissue engineering......Page 54
Electrospun nanofiber-reinforced hydrogels......Page 58
Electrospun hydrogels with biological electrospray cells......Page 60
Electrospun hydrogels with antimicrobial activity......Page 63
Polymer solution parameters......Page 64
Ambient parameters......Page 66
Future applications of electrospun hydrogels......Page 67
References......Page 71
Further Reading......Page 78
Hydroxyapatite: Structure and properties......Page 79
Metallic implants......Page 80
Nonmetallic implants......Page 81
Hydroxyapatite-glass nanocomposites......Page 82
Hydroxyapatite-YSZ nanocomposites......Page 83
Hydroxyapatite-Ti nanocomposites......Page 84
Hydroxyapatite-PMMA composites......Page 85
Hydroxyapatite-PS composites......Page 86
Hydroxyapatite-collagen nanocomposites......Page 87
References......Page 88
Introduction......Page 91
Why magnesium and magnesium alloys?......Page 92
Magnesium—Corrosion mechanism......Page 93
Corrosion......Page 94
Limitations of bare metal stents and drug eluting stents......Page 96
Magnesium alloy biodegradable stents......Page 97
Magnesium for orthopedic application......Page 98
In vitro testing of Mg-based orthopedic biomaterials......Page 99
Preclinical studies of Mg or its alloys for orthopedic application......Page 101
Magnesium-based nanocomposites......Page 104
Disintegrated melt deposition (DMD) technique......Page 105
Potentiodynamic polarization......Page 107
Effect of surface modification......Page 110
Conversion coatings......Page 111
Surface coating processes......Page 112
References......Page 114
Artificial bone grafting......Page 118
Strategies for artificial bone grafting......Page 119
Carbon nanotube......Page 120
CNT coating on the polymeric surface......Page 123
Multiwalled CNT-polylactic acid nanocomposite......Page 124
Multiwalled CNT-chitosan nanocomposite......Page 125
CNT-HA nanocomposite......Page 126
Challenges and future directions......Page 127
References......Page 129
Introduction......Page 134
Preparation of nanocomposites......Page 135
Metal-metal nanocomposites......Page 136
Polymer-based nanocomposites......Page 137
Application of nanocomposites......Page 138
Types of prosthetics......Page 139
Patient course of action......Page 140
Current innovation and assembling......Page 141
Body-controlled arms......Page 142
Socket......Page 143
Microprocessor control......Page 144
Orthopedic prosthetics......Page 145
Conclusion......Page 146
References......Page 147
Introduction......Page 152
Biomedical nanocomposites......Page 153
Nanocomposites in orthopedic drug delivery applications......Page 154
Nanocomposites in bone tissue engineering applications......Page 167
Conclusion......Page 175
References......Page 176
Introduction......Page 185
Anodic oxidation and plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO)......Page 187
Nanotube arrays......Page 190
Commercial applications......Page 193
Mechanical stability of anodic layers......Page 195
References......Page 200
Introduction......Page 206
Evolution of ceramic composite hip prostheses......Page 207
The toughening mechanism in ceramic composite......Page 208
Strengthening additives......Page 209
Fabrication of ceramic composites......Page 210
Pressure-assisted sintering......Page 211
In vitro wear under standard conditions......Page 213
In vitro wear under adverse conditions......Page 214
Fracture—an ultimate challenge......Page 217
Squeaking—a noise or concern......Page 219
Clinical performance......Page 220
References......Page 221
Introduction......Page 225
Biomaterials and their essential characteristics......Page 227
Tribological characteristics, the main issue for joint implant materials......Page 228
Morphology and importance of hip joint replacements......Page 229
Metal-on-polymer......Page 230
Metal on metal......Page 231
Nanocomposites......Page 232
Polymer matrix NC......Page 233
UHMWPE-based composites......Page 234
Graphene/UHMWPE NCs......Page 235
CNTs/UHMWPE NCs......Page 237
Co-Cr based NCs......Page 240
Ceramic matrix NCs......Page 241
Conclusion......Page 243
References......Page 244
Further reading......Page 256
Introduction......Page 257
Chitosan nanocomposites in liver tissue engineering......Page 258
Chitosan nanocomposites in cardiac tissue engineering......Page 259
Chitosan nanocomposite in wound healing applications......Page 261
Conclusion......Page 262
References......Page 263
Introduction......Page 267
ECM-cell interaction: Cell receptors and biochemical cues......Page 269
ECM-cell interaction: Cell fate and biophysical cues......Page 271
Stiffness and matrix elasticity......Page 273
Tension and compression......Page 274
Cell perception of biophysical cues from the ECM microenvironment......Page 276
The primary cilium......Page 278
Strategies for investigation of ECM and stem cell interaction......Page 279
Conclusion......Page 281
References......Page 282
Top-down approach in tissue engineering......Page 291
Bottom-up approach in tissue engineering......Page 292
Rationale and significance......Page 294
Natural biomineralization process......Page 295
Biomimetic mineralization......Page 299
Integrated approach: A new era in tissue engineering......Page 301
Current focus and challenges and the future directions......Page 302
References......Page 304
B......Page 311
C......Page 313
F......Page 314
M......Page 315
N......Page 316
P......Page 317
T......Page 318
Z......Page 319
Back Cover......Page 320