Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Abbreviations
1 Optimization of Wire EDM Process Parameters for Machining of INVAR 36 Alloy
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Procedure
3 Calculation for Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness
4 Optimization Using L9 Orthogonal Array
5 Results
6 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
6.1 Material Removal Rate (MRR)
6.2 Surface Roughness (SR)
7 Conclusion
References
2 Engineering Comportment of Clays Motleyed with Rice Pericarp Slag (RPS)
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Investigation
2.1 Test Materials
2.2 Tests Performed
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Index Properties
3.2 Unconfined Compressive Strength
4 Conclusion
References
3 Mathematical Modeling of Thin-Layer Drying of Hygroscopic Material (Solanum tuberosum) in Fabricated Tunnel
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Method
3 Result and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
4 Partial Replacement of Cement with Coconut Husk Ash: A Review
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Applications
2 Material
3 Chemical Composition
4 Effect of Coconut Husk Ash on Setting Time of Cement
5 Effect of Coconut Husk Ash on Workability of Concrete
6 Effect of Coconut Husk Ash on Hardened Properties of Concrete
6.1 Compressive Strength
6.2 Porosity
7 Conclusions
8 Future Scope
References
5 Employability Improvisation of Students of Technical Courses Through a Novel Method of Course Development and Performance Assessment
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Research Objectives
3 Research Methodology
3.1 Dataset Collection
3.2 Dataset Analysis
3.3 Dimension Reduction: Dimensions are Reduced by Calculating Mean
3.4 Association Analysis
4 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
6 Monitoring of Resources in Building Projects Using Internet of Things: A Literature Review
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Material Handling
1.2 Labor Tracking
1.3 Plant and Equipment Monitoring
2 Literature Review
3 Proposed Methodology
4 Conclusion
References
7 A Review of Recent Technology Development in Multilevel Inverter and Their Application in PV Systems
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Global Status of Renewable Market
3 Classification of MLI
3.1 Single DC Source
3.1.1 Neutral Point Clamped MLI
3.1.2 Flying Capacitor MLI
3.2 Multi-DC Source
3.2.1 Cascaded H-bridge MLI
3.2.2 Hybrid Multi
4 Application and Comparison of Traditional Inverters
5 Recent Technology in MLI
5.1 Symmetric MLI
5.2 Asymmetric MLI
5.3 Transformer-Based MLI
6 Conclusion
References
8 Image Analytics on Damage Assessment to Draw Inferences on Pre and Pat Incident Assessment
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Methodology
2 Six Sigma and Damage Assessment
2.1 Six Sigma: Variation and Impact on Organizational Performance
2.2 Correlation Between Six-Sigma and CNN
3 CNN and Image Recognition
3.1 Implementation
3.2 Results (Damage Assessment)
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
9 Modification in Harness and Electrical System for Performance Optimization of Formula Student Car
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Brake System Plausibility Device
3 Shutdown Circuit
3.1 Low-Voltage Master Switch
3.2 Shutdown Buttons
3.3 Inertia Switch
3.4 BOTS
4 Harness
5 Conclusion
References
10 Valorization and Promotion of Montenegrin Bridges Through Implementation of ICT Technologies
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Montenegrin Bridges—State of the Art
3 Valorization of Montenegrin Bridges Through Implementation of ICT Technologies
4 Conclusion
References
11 Assessing the Research Status on Occupational Safety for Adopting Zero Accident Vision: A Bibliometric Analysis
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Vision Zero Accidents
2 Data Collection and Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Research Growth
3.2 Top Productive Authors
3.3 Author Production and Author Productivity
3.4 Most Relevant Affiliations and Country
3.5 Global Scientific Production
3.6 Trending Topic
3.7 Top Source Journal
3.8 Co-occurrence Analysis
3.9 Co-citation Analysis
3.10 Top 20 Most Global Cited Documents from WoS and Scopus Database
4 Conclusion and Future Research Direction
References
12 Review of Recent Studies on Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics of AMMCs
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Stir-Casting Method
3 Mechanical Properties
4 Tribological Properties
5 Conclusions
References
13 Effects of Process Parameters on Build Time of PolyJet Printed Parts Using Taguchi Method
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Experiment Details
4 Methodology
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
14 Synthesis and Testing of Epoxy-Based Alumina–Silicon Carbide Particular Reinforced Composite
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Literature Review
2 Materials and Methodology
3 Result and Discussions
3.1 Density Analysis
3.2 Moisture Content (MC)
3.3 Water Absorption (WA)
3.4 Linear Swelling
4 Conclusion
References
15 Failure Investigation of Induction Motor Bearing of Electric Vehicle Due to Manufacturing Defect
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Defect Analysis
2.1 Scratch Marks
2.2 Waviness
3 Experimental Analysis
3.1 Metallurgical Property
4 Results
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
16 Studies on Oxidation Behaviour of Cobalt-Based Superalloy 605
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Experimental Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
4.1 Values of the Parabolic Rate Constant
4.2 Factors Contributing to Weight Loss During Oxidation
4.3 Surface Chemical Composition
4.4 Activation Energy
5 Conclusions
References
17 Advancements in Energy Storage Through Graphene
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Electrochemical Storage Through Batteries
3 Chemical Storage of Hydrogen
3.1 Hydrogen Spillover
3.2 Molecular Storage of Hydrogen
4 Electrical Storage Through Supercapacitors
5 Conclusion
References
18 Nano-Minimum Quality Lubrication (NMQL) and Machining Characteristics of Surface Using Various Nanofluids in Different Machining Processes: A Computational Analysis
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Analysis
2.1 Specific Parameters
2.2 Input Parameters
3 MATLAB Program
4 Result and Discussion
4.1 Thermal Conductivity Graph for Al2O3, CuO and TiO2
4.2 Specific Heat Graph for Al2O3, CuO and TiO2
4.3 Density Graph for Al2O3, CuO and TiO2
4.4 Viscosity Graph for Al2O3, CuO and TiO2
5 Conclusion
6 Scope for Future Work
Acknowledgements
References
19 Framework and Case Study for Optimizing Target Value of a Process Using Taguchi’s Asymmetric Loss Function
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Piston Ring Manufacturing Case
4 Implementation
4.1 Result
4.2 Validation
5 Conclusion
References
20 Analysis of Load Capacity of Functionally Graded Material Structures
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Classification of FGM Structures
2.1 Thin-Walled Structures with Graded Diameter
2.2 Thin Wall Structure with Graded Thickness
2.3 Thin Wall Structures with Graded Properties
2.4 Tailor Welded Wall Structure
2.5 Cellular Materials with Graded Properties
3 Methodology
3.1 FGM Constituents
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
21 Mechanical Property and Microstructure Analysis of Laser Beam Welded Aluminium (A6061)-Titanium (Ti6Al4V) Dissimilar Sheet Metals
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Procedure
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
22 Parametric Optimization and Evaluation of RMDTM Welding Performance for ASTM A387 Grade 11 Steel Plates Using TOPSIS-Taguchi Approach
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 TOPSIS Method
3 Result and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
23 The Magnetically Assisted Abrasive Flow Machining Process: Review
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Process Parameters of MAFM
3 Advancements in MAFM Process
4 Conclusions
5 Future Scope of the Work
References
24 Comparison of Static and Harmonic Response of Structural Steel and Aluminium Alloy Automotive Shock Absorbers
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Computational Details
2.1 Static, Fatigue and Vibration Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Static Analysis
3.2 Fatigue Analysis
3.3 Harmonic Analysis
4 Conclusions
References
25 A Review Paper on Metal 3D Printing Technology
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Working of Metal 3D Printing
3 Difference Between SLM and DMLS
4 Characteristics of SLM and DMLS
5 Benefits and Limitations of Metal 3D Printing
5.1 Benefits of Metal 3D Printing
5.2 Limitations of Metal 3D Printing
5.3 Applications of Metal 3D Printing
6 Conclusions
References
26 Dimensional Tolerance Analysis of Mechanical Assemblies with Symmetric and Asymmetric Tolerances
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Calculating the Assembly Variation Using Linearized Method
2.2 Modified Tolerance Analysis Models
2.3 Percentage Contributions of Each of the Individual Component Tolerance on a Specific Assembly Variable
3 Case Study
3.1 Example 1: Thermos Flask
4 Result and Conclusion
4.1 Example 2: One-Way Clutch Assembly
5 Result and Conclusion
6 Conclusions and Future Scope
References
27 Investigation of Dielectric Dependency on CNTFET Characteristics in Ballistic Regime
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Cylindrical CNTFET
3 Mathematical Analysis in Ballistic Regime
3.1 Transconductance (gm)
3.2 Voltage Gain (Av)
3.3 Carrier Injection Velocity (Vinj)
3.4 Output Conductance (gd)
3.5 Subthreshold Swing (SS)
3.6 Drain-Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL)
4 Results and Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
28 Comparative Study on Heat Transfer of Plastic Injection Molding Process for Quality Enhancement
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Injection Molding Working Principle
1.2 Heat Distribution
2 State of Art of Literature
3 Comparative Study
4 Result and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
29 Corrosion Behaviour of Aluminium 6061/MWCNT Composite Prepared by Double Stir Casting Method
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
30 A Review on Recent Developments in Kenaf, Sisal, Pineapple, Bamboo and Banana Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Source and Properties of Fibers
2.1 Kenaf
2.2 Sisal
2.3 Pineapple
2.4 Bamboo
2.5 Banana
3 Mechanical Characteristics of Natural Fibers
4 Natural Fiber as Reinforcement for Composites Materials
4.1 Kenaf Fiber Composite
4.2 Sisal Fiber Composite
4.3 Pineapple Fiber Composite
4.4 Bamboo Fiber Composite
4.5 Banana Fiber Composite
5 Applications
6 Conclusion
References
31 Studies on Erosion and Oxidation Behaviour of Cobalt-Based Coatings
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Measurement of Microhardness, Surface Roughness and Porosity of D-Gun Sprayed Coatings
3.2 Steady-State Erosion Behavior of Coated Substrate
3.3 Oxidation Behavior of Coated Boiler Steel Substrate
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
32 Free Vibration Analysis of Laminated Curved Beams Using Fifth-Order Shear and Normal Deformation Theory
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Modeling of Laminated Curved Beams
3 Displacement Field
4 Equations of Motion
5 Navier’s Solution
6 Numerical Results
7 Conclusions
References
33 Luminous Concrete as Green Building Material
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method of Manufacturing
3 Effect of Optical Fibre on Concrete Properties
3.1 Compressive and Flexural Strength
3.2 Light Transmissibility
3.3 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
3.4 Cost and Packback
4 Advantage and Disadvantage
5 Future Expectation
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
34 Removal of Lead Using Isolated Microorganisms from Contaminated Soil
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Sample Collection and Isolation of Microorganism
2.2 Determination of Optimal Microbial Growth Conditions
2.3 Determination of Optimal Lead Removal Conditions
2.4 Resistance of Isolate
2.5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectral Analysis (FTIR)
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Isolation of Lead Resistant Microorganism
3.2 Optimum Growth Temperature
3.3 Optimum Growth pH
3.4 Optimum Growth rpm
3.5 Optimum Contact Time
3.6 Optimum Removal Temperature
3.7 Optimum Removal pH
3.8 Optimum Removal rpm
3.9 Optimum Contact Time
3.10 Multiple Resistance of Isolate
3.11 FTIR Analysis
4 Conclusion
References
35 Overview of Physical Properties and Applications: Ferroelectric Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3)
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Physical Properties of Lithium Niobate
2.1 Permittivity
2.2 Electro-Optic Effect
2.3 Piezoelectric Effect of LN
2.4 Pyroelectric Effect
2.5 Linear Electro-Optic Effect (Pockels Effect)
2.6 Photovoltaic Effects
2.7 Photoelastic Effects
2.8 Nonlinear Optical Effects
3 Applications of Lithium Niobate
3.1 Basic Waveguide Elements
3.2 Basic Electro-Optic Devices
3.3 Basic Acousto-Optic Devices
3.4 Nonlinear Optical Devices
3.5 Holographic Applications Based on Photorefraction
4 Conclusion
References
36 A Study on Austenitic Stainless-Steel Machining by Wire EDM
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Austenitic Stainless Steel (ASS)
3 Parameters of Wire EDM
3.1 Input Variables
3.2 Response Parameters
4 A Comprehensive Summary of Earlier Research
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
37 Design Optimization and Analytical Study of a Modified Hydrous Aluminium Phyllosilicate Pantile
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Objectives
1.2 Methodology
1.3 Modelling
1.4 FE Model
1.5 Software Redesign of Current Model
2 Results and Discussion
2.1 First Case
2.2 Second Case
2.3 Third Case
3 Conclusions
References
38 A Study on Recent Developments in Jute, Cotton, Coir, Silk and Abaca Fiber-reinforced Composites
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Source and Properties of Fibers
2.1 Jute
2.2 Cotton
2.3 Coir
2.4 Silk
2.5 Abaca
3 Mechanical Characteristics of Natural Fibers
4 Natural Fiber as Reinforcement for Composites Materials
4.1 Jute Fiber Composite
4.2 Cotton Fiber Composite
4.3 Coir Fiber Composite
4.4 Silk Fiber Composite
4.5 Abaca Fiber Composite
5 Applications
6 Conclusion
References
39 A Computational Methodology for the Synthesis of Assur Groups
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Conclusion
References
40 A Methodology for Derivation of Isomorphism Index for Epicyclic Gear Transmission Systems
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Graph Representation of an EGT
3 Rooted Tree Structure
4 Isomorphism Index
5 Conclusion
References
41 Study and Review of Quality 4.0 in the Industry
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Six Sigma
2.1 DMAIC
2.2 DMADV
3 The Ecosystem of Quality 4.0 Tools
3.1 Artificial Intelligence
3.2 Machine Learning
3.3 Deep Learning
3.4 Blockchain
3.5 Big Data
3.6 Enabling Technologies
3.7 Statistics and Data Science
4 Axes of Quality 4.0
4.1 Analytics
4.2 Data
4.3 App Development
4.4 Connectivity
4.5 Scalability
4.6 Collaboration
4.7 Competency
4.8 Leadership
4.9 Culture
4.10 Compliance
4.11 Management System
5 Industries-Related Problem
5.1 Benefit of Quality 4.0
6 Literature Review
References
42 Experimental Investigation of Tool Wear Rate (TWR) During the EDM of Hybrid Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with SiCp and Grp
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Experimental Work
4 Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
5 Mathematical Model
6 Result and Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
43 Effect of Process Parameter on Plastic Parts Using ANOVA with Moldflow Simulation
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Research Methodology
2.1 Factors and Levels Along with Orthogonal Array
3 Experimental Result and Analysis
3.1 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
3.2 Regression Equation
4 Conclusion
5 Future Scope
References
44 Study of Tool Wear in Friction Stir Processing of Metal Matrix Composites—A Review
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Tool Wear in FSP
3 Tool Types
4 Tool Materials
5 Tool Dimensions
6 Tool Wear Measurement
7 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
45 Graphene–Alumina Composite: The Advanced Coating Material for Developing Harder Surface of Steel Strip Substrate
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
46 Recent Advances of Reinforced Natural Polymers: A Review
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Natural Reinforced Polymers (NRP)
1.2 Waxes
2 Anti-wetting Behavior of Different Polymers
2.1 Reinforced Polymers
2.2 Waxes
2.3 Sponges
3 Other Desirable Properties
3.1 Tribological Properties of NRP
3.2 Adsorption Capacity of Sponges
4 Conclusions
5 Future Scope
References
47 Analysis on Different Types of Viscometers, Design, Materials, and Technology: A Review
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 General Study
2.2 Designing of Viscometer
2.3 Material Required for Viscometer
2.4 Analysis on Types of Viscometers
2.5 Designing Technologies
3 Conclusion
References
48 Approach Toward Design for Manufacturing Assembly of Fiber Reinforced Plastics Fan Blade for Cooling Tower
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Problem Statement
3 Objectives and Research Methods
4 DFMA Procedure
5 DFMA Performance
6 Inputs from Market
7 Conclusion
References
49 Synthesis, Structural and Magnetic Properties of Gadolinium-Doped Ni–Zn Ferrites Synthesized by Sol–Gel Auto-Combustion Route
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Procedure
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 XRD Analysis
3.2 FE-SEM Analysis
3.3 HR-TEM
3.4 Magnetic Properties
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
50 Numerical Investigation on the Friction Factor Estimation for Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Smooth Pipe
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 K-Omega Model
1.2 K-Epsilon Model
2 Mathematical Modeling
2.1 Blasius Equation
2.2 Swamee–Jain Equation
3 Simulation Setup and Numerical Discretization
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
51 Performance of SoilTech MK III Polymer and Fly Ash on Problematic Soil
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Material Properties and Methodology
2.1 SoilTech MK III Polymers
2.1.1 Preparation of MK III Polymer Sample
2.2 Fly Ash
3 Method of Testing
3.1 Experimental Methodology
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 OMC Value
4.2 MDD Value
4.3 California Bearing Ratio Test
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
52 Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) with Al Alloy—A Review
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Principle Involved in ECAP
3 Literature Review
4 Conclusion
5 Future Scope of Work
6 Difficulty Level to Carry Out Tensile, Bending, and Impact Testing with Microsamples
References
53 Comparative Analysis of the Payback Period for Different Types of Solar Energy Systems Used in India
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Solar Cookers
3 Solar Water Heater (SWH)
4 Solar Photovoltaic System
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
54 Three-Wheeler (Loading Auto-Rickshaw) Suspension by FEA
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 ANSYS Analysis of Helical Spring
2.1 Finite Element Analysis
2.2 Geometry and Material Properties
2.3 Criteria by ANSYS on Mesh Convergence and Element Type
3 Results
3.1 Applied Weight on Helical Spring
3.2 Static Stress Analysis of Helical Coil Spring
3.3 Fatigue Analysis of Helical Spring
4 Conclusions
References
55 3D-Printed Orthosis: A Review on Design Process and Material Selection for Fused Deposition Modeling Process
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Design Methods
3 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
4 Materials for Orthosis Fabrication
5 Important Conclusions
References
56 Experimental Investigation During Machining of P20 Tool Steel Using EDM
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Method
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
57 Techno Economic and Life Cycle Assessment of 1 MW Solar Parabolic Trough System for Udaipur Zone
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology and Goals
2.1 Designed SPT System
2.2 Project Cost of SPT
2.3 Levelized Cost of Energy
2.4 Monthly Energy Yield from Designed System
2.5 Payback Period
2.6 Internal Rate of Return
3 Renewable Energy Certificate and Clean Development Mechanism
3.1 Calculation for REC Benefit
3.2 Calculation for CDM Benefit
4 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
4.1 Description of the Assessment
4.2 Life Cycle Inventory of Solar Parabolic Trough Power Plant: (II) Emissions (g/kWh)
4.3 Cumulative Energy Demand in the Life Cycle of Solar Parabolic Trough Power Plant
4.4 Energy Payback Time (EPT)
5 Conclusions
Conflict of Interest
References
58 Micromechanical Modeling and Simulation of Natural Fiber Polymer Composite
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Microscale Modeling
1.2 Micromechanical Analysis
2 Materials and Methods
3 Numerical Results and Discussions
3.1 Effect of Weight Concentration of Fiber on Elastic Constants of Composite
3.2 Effect of Weight Concentration of Fiber on Stress Strain Curve of Composite
3.3 Effect of Fiber Orientation on the Elastic Constants of Composite Using Digimat
4 Conclusions
References
Author Index