Advances in Engine and Powertrain Research and Technology: Design, Simulation, Testing, Manufacturing

✍ Scribed by Tigran Parikyan

• Publisher: Springer Nature
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 417
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The book covers a wide range of applied research compactly presented in one volume, and shows innovative engineering solutions for automotive, marine and aviation industries, as well as power generation. While targeting primarily the audience of professional scientists and engineers, the book can also be useful for graduate students, and also for all those who are relatively new to the area and are looking for a single source with a good overview of the state-of-the-art as well as an up-to-date information on theories, numerical methods, and their application in design, simulation, testing, and manufacturing. The readers will find here a rich mixture of approaches, software tools and case studies used to investigate and optimize diverse powertrains, their functional units and separate machine parts based on different physical phenomena, their mathematical representation, solution algorithms, and experimental validation.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Dynamics and Vibrations/Tribology and Lubrication
Efficient Modeling of Engine Parts and Design Analysis Tasks in Simulation of Powertrain Dynamics: An Overview
1 Introduction
1.1 Usual Problems in Internal Combustion Engines and Design Analysis Tasks
1.2 Two Types of Powertrain Dynamics Calculation Projects
2 The Right Simulation Tool for Each Project Phase and Task
2.1 Two Levels of Software Tools to Simulate Powertrain Dynamics
2.2 Simulation Levels Versus Project Phases
3 Efficient Dynamic Modeling of Engine Parts
3.1 Two Types of Dynamic Models of Crankshaft
3.2 Generating Structured Model of Crankshaft
4 Design Analysis Tasks
4.1 Early Phase Workflow
4.2 Preliminary Checks
4.3 Cranktrain Unbalance Analysis
4.4 Crankshaft Modal Analysis
4.5 Engine Mounting Analysis
4.6 Powertrain Torsional Vibration Analysis
4.7 Cranktrain 3D Dynamics in Frequency Domain
4.8 Crankshaft Strength and Durability
4.9 Hydrodynamic Analysis of Slider Bearings
5 Conclusion
References
Crankshaft Torsional Vibration Analysis in a Mid-Size Diesel Engine: Simulation and Experimental Validation
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Modelling
2.1 Inertia of the System
2.2 Determination of the Torsional Stiffness
2.3 Determination of the System Damping
2.4 Crankshaft Excitation Torque
2.5 Dynamic Characteristics of the System
2.6 System's Steady-State Response
3 Simulated and Experimental Results
4 Conclusions
References
Scuffing Behavior of Piston-Pin/Bore Bearing in Mixed Lubrication
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 Test Procedure
3.1 Journal Oscillation and Dynamic Load
3.2 Constant Pin Speed and Dynamic Load
4 Test Results and Discussions
5 Scuffing Modeling and Scuffing Failure Criterion
6 Numerical Analysis Results and Discussions for the Bench Test Case
7 Numerical Analysis Results and Discussions for the Engine Case
8 Some Typical Measures to Mitigate Scuffing Failure
9 Conclusions
References
A Review on the Rotor Dynamics of Automotive Turbochargers
1 Introduction
2 Linear Analysis of Turbochargers
3 Turbocharger Nonlinear Response
3.1 Effect of Self-excited Vibrations
3.2 Effect of Unbalance
3.3 Influence of Radial Bearing System
3.4 Impact of Thrust Bearing on Turbocharger Response
3.5 Temperature Variations in Turbochargers
4 Current Trends in Rotor Dynamics of Turbocharger
References
Combustion/CFD/Emissions/Fuels
Development of Gasoline Low Temperature Combustion Engine System Compatible with SULEV30 Emissions
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Homogeneous Stoichiometric Spark-Ignition Combustion (Baseline)
3.2 Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) Strategy Development
4 Passive SCR Aftertreatment System (PASS)
5 Federal Test Procedure (FTP) Drive Cycle Test Results
6 Conclusions
References
Simulation of Multistage Autoignition in Diesel Engine Based on the Detailed Reaction Mechanism of Fuel Oxidation
1 Introduction
2 Short Description of DRM Under Consideration
3 Object of Investigations and Mathematical Model
4 Results of Calculations
5 Influence of the Fuel Cetane Number
6 Conclusions
References
Towards Lower Engine-Out Emissions with RCCI Combustion
1 Introduction
1.1 RCCI and Low-Temperature Combustion Concepts
1.2 Fuels in RCCI Combustion Concept
1.3 Scope of the Study
2 Methodology
3 Utilized Fuels
4 Experimental Setup
5 Results
5.1 Variation of HVO SOE Timing
5.2 Variation of Energy Share Supplied by the NG
5.3 Variation of the EGR Rate
5.4 Summary
6 Conclusions
References
Investigation of Charge Mixing and Stratified Fuel Distribution in a DISI Engine Using Rayleigh Scattering and Numerical Simulations
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
2.1 Engine and Conditions
2.2 Optical Diagnostics, Image Acquisition and Post-Processing
3 Numerical Simulations
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Evolution of Fuels with the Advancement of Powertrains
1 Introduction
2 Land Domain
2.1 Petrol
2.2 Diesel
2.3 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME)
2.4 Paraffinic Diesel
2.5 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
2.6 Natural Gas - Biomethane
3 Maritime Domain
3.1 Distillate Marine Fuels
3.2 Residual Marine Fuels
3.3 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Methanol
4 Aviation Domain
5 Conclusion
References
Hybrid and Electrified Powertrains
Methodology for TurboGenerator Systems Optimization in Electrified Powertrains
1 Introduction
2 Methodological Framework
3 Thermodynamic Model
3.1 Energy and Exergy Analysis of the Simple Turbogenerator System Configuration
3.2 Energy and Exergy Analysis of the Modified Turbogenerator System Configurations
4 Vehicle Model
4.1 Components Sizing
4.2 Powertrain Model
4.3 Auxiliaries and Cabin Thermal Comfort Models
4.4 Energy Management Strategy
5 Results
6 Concluding Remarks
References
On the Road Towards Zero-Prototype Development of Electrified Powertrains via Modelling NVH and Mechanical Efficiency
1 Introduction
2 Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
3 Mechanical Efficiency and Tribology
4 Lubricant Additives and the Role of Surface Coatings in Traction Motor Bearings
5 Suggestions for Future Developments
References
Testing/Calibration/Monitoring/Diagnostics
Calibration of a Real Time Cycle SI Engine Simulation Model in the Entire Engine Operating Map
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Results
3 Real Time Simulation Model
4 Calibration Method and Model Parametrization
4.1 Calibration of Gas Exchange
4.2 Calibration of Turbulence Model
4.3 Calibration of Ignition Delay
4.4 Calibration of Combustion Model
4.5 Calibration of Cylinder Heat Transfer
5 Validation of Parametrized Model
6 Conclusions
References
Model-Based Calibration of Transmission Test Bench Controls for Hardware-in-the-Loop Applications
1 Introduction
2 Transmission HiL Test Rig: Hardware (HW) and Software (SW)
2.1 Hardware Components
2.2 Software Components
3 System Model and Analysis
3.1 Open-Loop System Equations
3.2 Closed-Loop State-Space Model
3.3 Model Experimental Validation
4 Sensitivity Analysis of the Linear Model
4.1 Sensitivity to Gear Ratios
4.2 Sensitivity to PID Gains
5 Controller Experimental Validation
6 Conclusions
Appendix—Closed-Loop State Space Matrices
References
Turbomachinery Monitoring and Diagnostics
1 Introduction
2 Vibration Measurement and Instrumentation
2.1 Vibration Sensors
2.2 Instrumentation
2.3 Digital Data Processing
3 Tools for Vibration Monitoring and Diagnosis
3.1 Vibration Time Waveform
3.2 Vibration Spectrum
3.3 Vibration Waterfall
3.4 Envelope Spectrum
3.5 Phase
3.6 Orbit
3.7 Shaft-Centerline Plot
3.8 Frequency Response Function
3.9 Operating Deflection Shape (ODS)
4 Vibration Condition Monitoring
4.1 Condition Based Maintenance System
4.2 Condition Monitoring Versus Machinery Diagnostics
4.3 Condition Evaluation Based on Statistical Data
5 Vibration Diagnosis
5.1 Standards Overview
5.2 Initial Analysis
5.3 Common Analysis
5.4 Fault Table
5.5 Symptom Table
5.6 Flow Chart
6 Recent Trends in Vibration Monitoring and Diagnosis
6.1 MEMS Accelerometers
6.2 Wireless Sensors
6.3 Cloud Monitoring
6.4 The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Monitoring and Diagnosis
6.5 Vibration Video Motion Magnification
7 Conclusion
References
Manufacturing
Manufacturing of Structural Components for Internal Combustion Engine, Electric Motor and Battery Using Casting and 3D Printing
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Power Unit Casting Components
3 Casting Process
3.1 Use of Casting Process
3.2 Investment Casting
3.3 Sand Casting
3.4 Permanent Mold Casting/Tilting Mold/Low-Pressure Die Casting
3.5 High-Pressure Die Casting (Cold Chamber/Hot Chamber Process)
3.6 Trend of the Modern Times: Giga Casting
3.7 Quality and Tolerances of Casting Components
4 Materials
4.1 Alloys
4.2 Aluminum Alloys
4.3 Magnesium Alloys
4.4 Material Simulation
4.5 Joining Technology
5 Additive Manufacturing
6 Filling and Solidification Simulation (FSS)
6.1 FSS of High-Pressure Die Casting
6.2 FSS of Iron Sand Casting
6.3 Numerical Simulation and Software
References
Author Index