Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

✍ Scribed by V. A. Ovcharenko (auth.), K. D. Timmerhaus (eds.)

• Publisher: Springer US
• Year: 1978
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 764
• Series: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering 23
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

In late 1877, Louis Cailletete in France and Raoul Pictet in Switzerland independently succeeded in liquefying oxygen, thereby proving a hypothesis set forth by Antoine Lavoisier nearly 100 years earlier. The theme of the 1977 Cryogenic Engineering Conference "Cryogenics: A Century of Progress-A Chal­ lenge for the Future" properly commemorated this accomplishment by reviewing some of the noteworthy advances since that time and outlining many advances still to come. Both Volumes 23 and 24 of this series provide a good account of the many contributions that were presented at this conference. The 1977 Cryogenic Engineering Conference was appropriately again held in Boulder, Colorado where the first Cryogenic Engineering Conference was initiated 23 years ago by the late Russell B. Scott, then Chief of the Cryogenic Engineering Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards. The Cryogenic Engineering Conference Board is extremely grateful to members of the National Bureau of Standards and the University of Colorado for serving as hosts for this meeting of cryogenic specialists from all over the world. The Cryogenic Engineering Conference is again pleased to have had the International Cryogenic Materials Conference co-host this biennial meeting for the second time in succession. This joint effort again has permitted an in-depth coverage of research on technical materials in areas currently receiving primary attention by the cryogenic engineering community. The Proceedings of the Inter­ national Cryogenic Materials Conference will be published as Volume 24 of the Advances in Cryogenic Engineering.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter....Pages i-xviii
Commercial Realization of MHD—A Challenge for Superconducting Magnets....Pages 1-8
Cryogenic Aspects of the U.S. SCMS Superconducting Dipole Magnet for MHD Research....Pages 9-16
Fabrication Experiences and Operating Characteristics of the U.S. SCMS Superconducting Dipole Magnet for MHD Research....Pages 17-27
Design Study of Superconducting Magnets for a Combustion Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Generator....Pages 28-36
Design of Superconducting Magnets for Full-Scale MHD Generators....Pages 37-47
0.54-MJ Superconducting Magnetic Energy Transfer and Storage....Pages 48-56
A Superconducting 0.54-MJ Pulsed Energy Storage Coil....Pages 57-69
Design and Development of a Large Superconducting Solenoid with Aluminum-Stabilized Superconductors....Pages 70-77
Conductor for LASL 10-MWhr Superconducting Energy Storage Coil....Pages 78-87
Constant-Tension and Constant-Field Solenoids....Pages 88-96
Results from a Model System of Superconducting Solenoids and Phase-Shifting Bridge for Pulsed Power Studies for Proposed Tokamak EF Coils....Pages 97-103
Pulsed DC Losses in Superconducting Solenoids....Pages 104-109
Dielectric Strength of Helium Vapor and Liquid at Temperatures between 1.4 and 4.2 K....Pages 110-117
Experimental Simulation of Cryogenic System for a Large Superconducting Rotor....Pages 118-124
Development of a Helium Transfer Coupling for a Superconducting Generator Rotor....Pages 125-131
High-Speed Helium Transfer System—Evaluation and Testing....Pages 132-139
A Bonded-Strain-Gage Pressure Transducer for High-Speed Liquid Helium Temperature Rotors....Pages 140-145
A Method for Calculating Temperatures in Superconducting Rotors Cooled with Two-Phase Helium....Pages 146-150
Temperature Distribution in Rotating Thermosiphons Containing Two-Phase Helium in Nonisentropic Equilibrium....Pages 151-158
Basic Study of Superconducting Electromagnetic Thrust Device for Propulsion in Seawater....Pages 159-169
Design and Prototype Fabrication of a 30-Tesla Cryogenic Magnet....Pages 170-177
Production Test of Energy Doubler Magnets....Pages 178-184
Cryogenic Aspects of a Demountable Toroidal Field Magnet System for Tokamak-Type Fusion Reactors....Pages 185-196
Recovery Velocities for Composite Superconductors....Pages 197-203
Effect of Conductor Self-Shielding on Eddy Current Losses....Pages 204-213
Effects of Electrical Shorts on Cryostatic Stable Superconducting Magnets....Pages 214-218
High-Current Power Leads for Tokamak Fusion Reactor Superconducting Magnets....Pages 219-225
Vapor Locking as a Limitation to the Stability of Composite Conductors Cooled By Boiling Helium....Pages 226-234
Cryogenic Recovery Analysis of Forced-Flow Supercritical-Helium-Cooled Superconductors....Pages 235-244
Nonstationary Heat Transfer and Temperature State of Cryogenic Cable at Short-Circuit Conditions....Pages 245-249
Temperature Profiles in a Long Gaseous-Helium-Cooled Tube....Pages 250-254
Design and Development of Cryostable Superconducting Ohmic Heating Coils for a Tokamak....Pages 255-264
Two-Phase Choked Flow in Tubes with Very Large L/D ....Pages 265-275
Cryogenic Fluid Flow Heat Transfer in a Porous Heat Exchanger....Pages 276-283
Boiling Incipience and Convective Boiling of Neon and Nitrogen....Pages 284-294
Effect of Ice Contamination on Liquid-Nitrogen Drops in Film Boiling....Pages 295-300
Estimating Surface Temperature in Forced Convection Nucleate Boiling—A Simplified Method....Pages 301-304
Film Boiling of Liquid Nitrogen on a Sphere in an Enclosure....Pages 305-312
Effects of Natural Convection on Heat Transfer in Porous Cryogenic Insulations....Pages 313-325
Heat Transfer to Helium in the Near-Critical Region....Pages 326-332
Heat Transfer to Subcooled Liquid Helium....Pages 333-339
Kapitza Conductance of Aluminum and Heat Transport from a Flat Surface through a Large-Diameter Tube to Saturated Helium II....Pages 340-348
Oscillations and Hysteresis of Helium during Lambda Transition Above the Thermodynamic Critical Pressure in the Presence of Heat Flow....Pages 349-357
Helium II in Low-Temperature and Superconductive Magnet Engineering....Pages 358-362
Measurements of Axial Heat Transport in Helium II with Forced Convection....Pages 363-370
Frost Density Measurements on Vertical Cylinders by Gamma-Ray Attenuation....Pages 371-375
Computational Simulation of Rectifier for an Air Separation Plant Using the Newton-Raphson Technique....Pages 376-385
A New Pump for Liquefied Inert Gases....Pages 386-390
Determination of the Flow Velocity of a Cryogenic Fluid by Use of a Correlation Technique....Pages 391-396
Reliability and Repair Policy Assessment for Long-Duration Operation of Helium Refrigeration Systems....Pages 397-410
The Stirling Cycle Cooler: Approaching One Year of Maintenance-Free Life....Pages 411-419
Helium Refrigeration System for Fermilab Energy Doubler....Pages 420-430
Thermodynamic Optimization Study of the Helium Multiengine Claude Refrigeration Cycle....Pages 431-437
Cryogenic Refrigeration Concepts Utilizing Adsorption Pumping in Zeolites....Pages 438-447
A Regenerator with an Iron Whisker Matrix....Pages 448-455
Thermodynamic and Mechanical Design of the FNAL Central Helium Liquefier....Pages 456-466
A Conceptual Design of a Helium Liquefaction System for a 300-MVA Superconducting Generator....Pages 467-476
A New Laser Aerosol Detector and Monitor for Use on High-Pressure Gas Streams....Pages 477-485
Helium Storage at High Density and Discharge at High Flow Rates....Pages 486-495
Fast-Response Cryogenic Calorimeter Containing a 52-Kilogram Radiation Absorber....Pages 496-502
Alternate Sets of Fixed Points for Simplified Realizations of IPTS-68....Pages 503-511
Ultra-Low Dynamic Current Measurements with an RF SQUID....Pages 512-514
Reversible LNG....Pages 515-523
Economic Removal of Nitrogen from LNG....Pages 524-530
Internally Insulated Cryogenic Pipelines....Pages 531-537
Solubility Enhancement of Solid Hydrocarbons in Liquid Methane due to the Presence of Ethane....Pages 538-543
Predicted Solubilities of Methanol in Compressed Natural Gas at Low Temperatures and High Pressures....Pages 544-549
Thermodynamic Properties of Natural Gas, Petroleum Gas, and Related Mixtures: Enthalpy Predictions....Pages 550-560
Prediction of the Transport Properties of Natural Gas and Similar Mixtures....Pages 561-565
A Calculational Method for Obtaining the Density of a Liquefied Natural Gas....Pages 566-572
Density of Liquefied Natural Gas Components....Pages 573-579
VLE Calculations Using Temperature-Dependent k 12 Values for Methane-Containing Binary Systems....Pages 580-593
Liquid Mixture Excess Volumes and Total Vapor Pressures Using a Magnetic Suspension Densimeter with Compositions Determined by Chromatographic Analysis: Methane Plus Ethane....Pages 594-601
Vapor Pressures and Heats of Vaporization for Propane and Propene from 50 K to the Normal Boiling Point....Pages 602-610
On the Nonanalytic Equation of State for Propane....Pages 611-618
Thermal Analysis of a Helium II-Cooled Infrared Telescope for Spacelab....Pages 619-627
Liquid Helium-Cooled Infrared Telescope for Astronomical and Atmospherical Measurements from Spacelab....Pages 628-633
Operating Performance OF He 3 -Cooled Bolometers....Pages 634-639
Test Flight Results of a Balloon-Borne He 3 Cryostat....Pages 640-643
Development of a Burst Disk with a Temperature-Insensitive Vacuum Seal for Space Shuttle Propellant Lines....Pages 644-647
Large-Scale Cryopumping for Controlled Fusion....Pages 648-657
Performance of a Cryopump Cooled by a Small Closed-Cycle 10-K Refrigerator....Pages 658-668
A New Method for Producing Cryogenic Laser Fusion Targets....Pages 669-675
Development of Cryogenic Targets for Laser Fusion....Pages 676-681
Cryogenic Pellets for Laser-Fusion Research—Theoretical and Practical Considerations....Pages 682-689
Point-Contact Conduction-Cooling Technique and Apparatus for Cryogenic Laser Fusion Pellets....Pages 690-698
Cryogenic Handling of Polymeric Laser-Fusion Pellets....Pages 699-704
Equilibrium Constants for the Hydrogen Isotopic Self-Exchange Reactions in the 4.2- to 50-K Temperature Range....Pages 705-711
Cryogenic Freezing of Foods....Pages 712-720
Safety with Cryogenic Systems....Pages 721-729
Back Matter....Pages 731-747

✦ Subjects

Science, general