Cover
Contents
About the editors
Acknowledgments
Communications satellite systems: retrospect and prospect
Japan and Space
The 37th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC 2019)
About this volume
Looking ahead
Section 1 Broadband satellite communication architectures and applications
1 The results of WINDS experiments of NICT
1.1 Introduction
1.2 WINDS
1.3 WINDS experiments
1.4 NICT fundamental experiments in the regular operational phase
1.5 NICT fundamental experiments in postoperational phase
1.5.1 Function verification experiment of fully automatic transportable earth station
1.5.2 Function verification experiment of small-sized vehicle transportable earth station
1.5.3 Function verification experiment of small earth station for vessel
1.5.4 Satellite communication experiments for disaster countermeasures
1.5.5 Basic experiments for future satellite technology
1.5.5.1 Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing transmission experiment
1.5.5.2 Experiment involving reallocation of satellite communication link
1.5.5.3 Airborne communication experiment
1.5.5.4 Seaborne communication experiment
1.6 Conclusion
References
2 Report of 3.2 Gbps transmission experiment result using WINDS satellite
2.1 Introduction
2.2 16APSK/QAM-OFDM 3.2 Gbps transmitter and receiver
2.3 WINDS satellite communication experiment: Uncompressed 4K UHDTV
2.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
3 Disaster countermeasure experiments using WINDS and the response of 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Development of mobile vehicle earth station for WINDS
3.3 Development of application based on mobile vehicle earth station for WINDS and demonstration experiment of disaster counterm
3.3.1 Development of detection system of the road bump based on the mobile vehicle earth station for WINDS
3.3.2 Mobile communication experiment between fire vehicles and WINDS mobile vehicle earth station
3.3.3 Speech quality evaluation of voice communication system using WINDS
3.4 Open experiment of disaster countermeasure
3.4.1 Open experiment to build an emergency communication network by the cooperation of WINDS and a small unmanned aircraft on β
3.4.2 Open experiment of the medical activity training at a large-scale earthquake in the governmentβs comprehensive disaster pr
3.4.3 Open experiment on the 2016 comprehensive disaster preparation drill of Ehime Prefecture
3.5 Response of 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes: building and operating emergency network based on WINDS
3.5.1 Purpose of dispatch of NICT
3.5.2 Emergency network building using WINDS, and usage conditions of the network
3.6 Conclusion
References
4 Satellite integrated communication system for marine robots operations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Past trials
4.2.1 Satellite remote control of an ROV
4.2.2 Data uploading and mission downloading of an AUV via the satellite
4.2.3 Wideband real-time data transmission
4.2.4 ASV controls with a satellite
4.3 Artificial satellites and marine robot
4.3.1 Operation basis of marine robot
4.3.2 Challenge to a new paradigm where robots play the leading role in ocean business
4.4 Conclusion
References
5 Evolution of Ka-band on-the-move terminals for land and maritime broadband communications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methodology
5.2.1 Monopulse tracking
5.2.2 Linear polarization
5.2.3 Heat and power consumption reduction
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Monopulse tracking
5.3.2 Linear polarization
5.3.3 Power consumption and heat transfer
5.3.4 Terminal operation results
5.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 2 Integrated applications and architectures for vessels and IoT
6 Mega-constellations as enabler of autonomous shipping
6.1 Introduction
6.2 System model and requirements
6.2.1 System requirements
6.3 Use cases for autonomous ship-based LEO satellite connectivity
6.3.1 Continuous satellite connectivity use case: collision avoidance with remote control and AR support
6.3.2 Discontinuous satellite connectivity use case: fully autonomous monitoring operation
6.4 Design methodology
6.4.1 Minimal number of satellites for the continuous coverage
6.4.2 Optimal number of satellites
6.5 Results
6.5.1 Coverage
6.5.2 Satellite visibility
6.5.3 Latency
6.5.4 Link duration
6.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
7 On decoding strategies for satellite uplink asynchronous random access channels
7.1 Introduction
7.2 System model
7.2.1 Coding scheme selection
7.3 Decoding strategies in the presence of interference
7.3.1 System model and simulation results
7.4 Physical layer abstraction
7.5 Conclusions and future studies
Acknowledgments
References
8 Software-defined radio implementation of UHF RFID tags in 5G Internet of things application
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Methodology
8.3 Results
8.4 Conclusion
8.5 Future work
Acknowledgments
References
9 Energy-efficient user terminals for Internet of things applications over satellite
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Energy-efficient user terminal
9.2.1 Energy-efficient transmission
9.2.2 Power supply
9.2.2.1 Battery
9.2.2.2 Energy harvesting
9.2.3 Intelligent energy and system management
9.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 3 DTN and HTS technologies
10 Rising above the cloud: toward high-rate delay-tolerant networking in low earth orbit
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Network model of optical communications
10.1.2 Experiment network
10.2 Delay-tolerant networking
10.2.1 Interoperability of software components
10.3 Scenario: generating a connectivity model
10.4 High-rate delay-tolerant networking
10.4.1 Introduction
10.4.2 Components
10.4.3 Interconnect
10.4.4 System flow
10.5 Test discussion
10.5.1 Networking test results
10.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
11 Integration of high-performance V-band GAN MMIC HPA for the QVlift project
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Solid state GaN power amplifier design
11.3 HPA measurement test setup and results
11.3.1 Output power and gain compression of drivers
11.3.2 Insertion loss measurements
11.3.3 HPA on-wafer measurements
11.3.4 HPA preliminary power measurements
11.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
12 Performance study of frequency flexibility in high throughput satellites and its contribution to operations strategy
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Summary of previous results
12.2.1 System configuration
12.2.2 Frequency assignment method
12.2.3 Previous evaluation results
12.3 Comprehensive evaluation plan
12.3.1 Performance index
12.3.2 Communication traffic
12.3.3 Link assignment schemes
12.4 Operations strategy for HTS system
12.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 4 New satellite system architectures and components
13 Satellite experiments on direct spectrum division transmission over multiple transponders
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Operational principle of DSDT adapter
13.2.1 Spectrum-editing technique in transmitter
13.2.2 Synchronization technique in receiver
13.2.2.1 Auto phase control
13.2.2.2 Auto frequency control
13.2.2.3 Auto gain control
13.3 Satellite experiments
13.3.1 Experimental setup
13.3.2 Spectrum division over multiple transponders
13.4 Summary
References
14 User terminal wideband modem for very high throughput satellites
14.1 Introduction
14.2 System model
14.2.1 Challenges and impairments
14.2.2 Requirements
14.3 Modem design
14.3.1 Architecture
14.3.2 Timing synchronization
14.3.3 Frequency synchronization
14.3.4 Frame synchronization
14.3.5 Equalization
14.3.6 Demodulation and decoding
14.4 Numerical results
14.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
15 Licensed shared access testbed for integrated satellite-terrestrial communications: the ASCENT project
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Sharing use cases
15.2.1 Sharing the 5G pioneer bands
15.2.2 Sharing terrestrial IMT bands
15.3 Testbed architecture
15.3.1 Architecture for sharing the 5G pioneer bands
15.3.2 Architecture for sharing terrestrial IMT bands
15.4 Performance evaluations
15.4.1 Evacuation and frequency change times
15.4.2 Scalability of the testbed
15.4.3 Proof of concept of IMT frequency bands sharing
15.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
16 Cognitive communications for NASA space systems
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Defining cognition
16.3 Focus areas
16.4 Cognitive links
16.4.1 Radio frequency interference mitigation
16.4.2 Radio link optimization
16.4.3 Automatic receiver configuration
16.4.4 Deep learning communication links
16.5 Cognitive networks
16.5.1 Delay-tolerant networking
16.5.2 Intelligence in the DTN architecture
16.5.3 Cognition in the DTN protocols
16.5.4 Legacy, infrastructure, and bootstrapping intelligence
16.5.5 Virtualization in future cognitive networks
16.6 Cognitive systems
16.6.1 User-initiated service
16.6.2 System-wide intelligence
16.7 Enabling technology
16.7.1 Reconfigurable hardware
16.7.2 Cognitive processing challenges
16.8 Conclusion
References
17 Supporting NASA Artemis 1 mission with JAXA Uchinoura station
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Operation concept
17.3 Recording/playback test equipment
17.4 Result of Artemis compatibility test
17.5 Result of LRO spacecraft tracking
17.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 5 High-speed optical communications and feeder links 1
18 Implementation of the method for estimating propagation direction of laser beam transmitted from ground to satellite
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Estimating beam propagation direction using dual boresight camera
18.3 Experimental method to measure the angular error
18.3.1 Experimental method
18.3.2 Geometrical angular error
18.3.3 The procedure of the experiment
18.3.3.1 The setup for this experiment
18.3.3.2 The method to obtain the center line of image of scattered light
18.3.3.3 Observation for the experiment
18.3.4 Results
18.4 Conclusion
References
19 Studies on site diversity to mitigate cloud blockage in satellite-ground optical communications based on long-term ground meteor
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Methodology
19.2.1 Investigation of cloud amount data in Japan
19.2.2 Domestic candidate locations analyzed by ground-based cloud amount data in Japan
19.2.3 Domestic candidate locations further analyzed by the installation conditions
19.2.4 Domestic candidate locations further analyzed by their uncorrelation relations
19.3 Results
19.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
20 Overview of optical ground systems developments for network switching controls to avoid cloud blockage in space optical direct c
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Methodology
20.2.1 Laser ground network planning system
20.2.2 Optical ground stations
20.2.3 Infrared cloud monitoring and discrimination system
20.2.4 Network switching testings
20.3 Results
20.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
21 Demonstration of high-speed pixelated acquisition and tracking system for optical intersatellite links
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Pixelated versus quad cell trades
21.2.1 Angular resolution versus range
21.2.2 Environmental factors
21.2.3 Trade summary
21.3 Test results
21.3.1 Closed loop testing
21.3.2 Radiation testing
21.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
22 An experimental study of RF optical transformation function
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Methodology
22.2.1 Experimental study plan
22.2.1.1 Trade-off study of transformation function
22.2.1.2 Partial model production
22.2.1.3 Analysis of atmospheric turbulence impact
22.2.1.4 Partial model evaluation
22.2.2 Experimental schedule
22.3 Results
22.3.1 Trade-off study of transformation function
22.3.1.1 Trade-off items
22.3.1.2 Major trade-off
22.3.1.3 Trade-off results
22.3.2 Partial model production
22.3.3 Analysis of atmospheric turbulence impact
22.3.4 Partial model evaluation
22.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 6 Advanced digital payloads and components
23 Beam-hopping system configuration and terminal synchronization schemes
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Beam-hopping system considerations
23.2.1 BH scenarios
23.2.2 Operation strategies
23.2.3 Beam hopping system deployment
23.2.4 Control channel and cell ID considerations
23.2.5 DVB-S2X waveforms
23.3 Terminal synchronization schemes
23.3.1 Bursty data reception
23.3.2 Start of super-frame detection
23.3.3 Enhanced super-frame detection for Format 5
23.3.4 Enhanced super-frame detection for Format 6
23.4 Conclusions
References
24 Adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) and power control scheme for return link of DVB-RCS2 satellite system
24.1 Introduction
24.2 System model
24.3 ACM and power control
24.3.1 Requirements
24.3.2 Problem formulation
24.3.3 Proposed scheme
24.4 Simulation results
24.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
25 A study of frequency utilization efficiency of OFDMA adaptive coding and modulation on Ka-band satellite communications system
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Satellite link model
25.3 OFDMA
25.3.1 Outline of OFDMA
25.3.2 Application to ACM
25.4 DVB-S2X
25.4.1 Outline of DVB-S2(S2X)
25.4.2 Modulation and coding for DVB-S2(S2X) standards
25.5 Improvement of frequency utilization efficiency by ACM
25.5.1 Adaptive algorithm
25.5.2 Improvement of frequency utilization efficiency
25.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
26 Antenna pattern evaluation formed by reconfigurable antennas with the configuration of an array-fed reflector
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Antenna pattern evaluation
26.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
27 Gallium nitride MMIC power amplifier for use in Ka-band HTS applications
27.1 Introduction
27.2 GaN PA MMICs
27.3 GaN PA breadboard modules
27.4 Future efforts
27.5 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Section 7 High-speed optical communications and feeder links 2
28 Technological trends and future prospects of satellite communications for mega-constellations with small satellites
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Trends in mega-constellation programs
28.3 Frequency map for mega-constellations
28.4 Frequency allocation for mega-constellations
28.4.1 Definition of a mega-constellation
28.4.2 Date of bringing into use
28.4.3 Short-duration mission
28.5 Conclusion
References
29 Commercial communications satellites in the post-2020 era
Nomenclature
29.1 Introduction
29.2 New and evolving GEO systems
29.2.1 High-throughput satellites
29.2.2 GEO system strategies going forward
29.2.3 How these strategies will change
29.3 Non-GEO systems in development
29.3.1 Fully interconnected processor-based LEOs
29.3.2 Issues with broadband LEO constellations
29.4 Assessing the near-term and long-term communications satellites
29.5 Conclusion
References
30 5G and beyond for new space: vision and research challenges
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Use cases and some high-level requirements
30.2.1 Communications on the move
30.2.2 Public safety
30.3 Network architecture
30.3.1 Terrestrial layer
30.3.2 Airborne layer
30.3.3 Space layer
30.4 Research challenges
30.4.1 Physical layer and MAC procedures
30.4.2 Software networks and mobile edge computing
30.4.3 Mobility and routing
30.4.4 High-frequency bands
30.4.5 Spectrum sharing and interference management
30.4.6 Optical communications
30.4.7 Quantum communications
30.4.8 End-to-end cybersecurity
30.5 Autonomous systems as future disruption
30.5.1 Software-defined satellites
30.5.2 Autonomous transport
30.5.3 Autonomous satellites
30.6 Innovative and ambitious missions
30.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
31 Direction of Satcom R&D in Japan: WINDS, ETS-IX, and beyond
31.1 Introduction
31.2. WINDS
31.3 ETS-IX
31.4 Direction of Satcom R&D
31.4.1 Satellite communications in beyond 5G networks
31.4.2 Fundamental technology development for satellite networks in the future
31.4.2.1 Digital transponders
31.4.2.2 Optical space communications
31.5 Conclusion
References
Section 8 Satellite antenna technologies
32 Development of highly maintainable and reliable RF transceiver for satellite base stations
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Basic configuration of RF transceiver
32.3 C-band amplifier for remote island satellite communications
32.4 Ku-band amplifier for disaster-relief satellite communications
32.5 Performance evaluation
32.6 Conclusions
References
33 Fan-fold Ka-band large reflector and its applications
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Design concept
33.2.1 Fan-fold deployable structure
33.2.2 Rhombus lattice thin-plate network
33.3 Surface accuracy evaluation of rhombus lattice thin-plate network
33.3.1 Number of division and side length
33.3.2 Surface accuracy estimation by structural analyses
33.4 Applications of fan-fold deployable reflector
33.5 Conclusion
References
34 The reduction of measurement point for self-calibration method of systematic errors for DBF antenna using gating process
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Calibration system
34.3 Measurement result using pickup antenna
34.4 Radiation patterns
34.5 Conclusion
References
35 Calibration method for array antenna considering mutual coupling in mobile satellite communications
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Array antenna model for calibration
35.3 Array antenna calibration method considering mutual coupling
35.4 Numerical evaluations
35.4.1 Simulation conditions
35.4.2 Simulation results
35.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 9 Propagation and modeling for satellite communications
36 Analysis of the impact of turbulence on adaptive optics ground station performance
36.1 Introduction
36.1.1 Atmospheric scintillation
36.1.2 Atmospheric coherence length
36.2 Optical turbulence measurements
36.2.1 Boundary layer C2
n measurements
36.2.2 Estimated atmospheric coherence length
36.3 Adaptive optics simulations
36.4 Numerical propagation modeling
36.4.1 Numerical phase screen model
36.4.2 PS simulation results
36.5 Conclusion
References
37 A 40-year cloud climatological study for Australia: implications for siting of laser communication infrastructure
37.1 Introduction
37.1.1 Australian cloud climatology studies
37.1.2 The 40-year satellite climatology record
37.1.3 The AVHRR instrument
37.1.4 The cloud detection scheme employed by PATMOS-x
37.1.4.1 Mid-morning (AM) and mid-afternoon (PM) data
37.1.4.2 Nighttime (N1) and early morning (N2) data
37.2 Climate change and decadal trends in cloud statistics
37.3 Discussion of results
37.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
38 Experimental results of seasonal vegetation changes on data transmission for Ka-band mobile satellite communication
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Summary of WINDS and the WINDS vehicle earth station
38.2.1 WINDS
38.2.2 WINDS vehicle earth station
38.3 Measurement experiments
38.3.1 Experimental site
38.3.2 Measurement system and experimental method
38.4 Results and discussion
38.5 Conclusion
References
39 Experimental study of external interference for LEO-based sensing (AIS)
39.1 Introduction
39.1.1 SPace-based AIS experiment (SPAISE)
39.2 External interference
39.2.1 Separating AIS messages and external interference
39.3 Experimental results
39.4 Conclusion
References
Section 10 Future technologies for 5G and beyond
40 Advanced demonstration plans of high-speed laser communication βHICALIβ mission onboard the engineering test satellite 9
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Overview of HICLI project
40.3 Demonstration plans of HICLI project
40.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
41 Optical communication experiment with microsatellite body-pointing using VSOTA on RISESAT
41.1 Introduction
41.2 Component of VSOTA
41.3 Initial experiment
41.3.1 Checkout of VSOTA
41.3.2 Tracking accuracy from satellite
41.3.3 Optical tracking from OGS
41.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
42 Research and development of an optical ground station supporting both GEOand LEO-to-ground links
42.1 Introduction
42.2 Compatibility with different missions in the proposed solution
42.2.1 Beacons and uplink
42.2.2 Optical bench changes for different missions
42.3 Developed solution
42.3.1 Uplink precompensation for ground-to-GEO missions
42.3.2 Final solution and laboratory test results
42.4 Conclusion
References
43 Optical observations of nonoperational satellites in graveyard orbits
43.1 Introduction
43.2 Definition of graveyard orbit
43.3 Methodology
43.3.1 Optical system
43.3.2 Selecting satellites
43.4 Image processing
43.4.1 Image processing with IRAF
43.5 Observation
43.5.1 Observation
43.6 Photometry
43.6.1 Photometry with IRAF
43.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 11 Flexible HTS systems and advanced digital payloads
44 Development of Ka-band digital beam forming antenna payload for the engineering test satellite-9
44.1 Introduction
44.2 R&D activities
44.2.1 Subject-A: system design and comprehensive evaluation
44.2.2 Subject-C: development of antenna/RF for DBF
44.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
45 The initial study of calibrating receiving digital beam forming in engineering test satellite-9
45.1 Introduction
45.1.1 System configuration of DBF
45.1.2 Difficulty of DBF
45.2 Method of calibration
45.2.1 Detection of gain/phase error between elements
45.2.2 Calibration method with ground station
45.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
46 Beam pattern optimization based on up/downlink information for multibeam satellite communication systems
46.1 Introduction
46.2 Related research on HTS resource management
46.3 Beam pattern optimization
46.3.1 Genetic algorithm
46.3.2 Calculation of throughput
46.4 Performance evaluation
46.4.1 Evaluation model
46.4.2 Evaluation results
46.5 Conclusion
References
Section 12 Satellite networks design challenges and applications
47 Channel state modeling and performance evaluation of DVB-S2X based broadband land mobile satellite communication systems
47.1 Introduction
47.1.1 The DVB-S2 generations
47.2 Mobile satellite channel
47.3 Simulation scenarios
47.4 Results and discussion
47.5 Conclusion
References
48 Impact of antenna and propagation models on coexistence of 5G and fixed satellite services
48.1 Introduction
48.2 System model
48.2.1 Antenna models
48.2.1.1 Fixed satellite service
48.2.1.2 Terrestrial fixed services
48.2.1.3 Field pattern
48.2.2 Propagation models
48.2.2.1 Free-space path loss
48.2.2.2 3GPP rural and urban LOS/NLOS models
48.2.3 Interference calculation
48.2.3.1 FSS downlink interference
48.2.3.2 FSS uplink interference
48.2.3.3 Interference threshold
48.3 Simulation setup
48.4 Interference power maps
48.4.1 Single interferer
48.4.2 Multiple BS transmissions
48.4.3 Multiple UE transmissions
48.5 Conclusion
References
49 Integrated space-enabled hybrid 5G-V2X communications link modeling
49.1 Introduction
49.2 Existing V2X communication networks and architectures
49.2.1 DSRC topologies
49.2.2 C-V2X topologies
49.3 5G infrastructure
49.4 Proposed hybrid DSRC-cellular 5G V2X platform overview
49.5 V2X link budget analysis
49.5.1 Signal attenuations
49.5.2 Noise floor and SNR analysis
49.6 Layer 1: DSRC link analysis
49.6.1 Case 1: V2V stationary
49.6.2 Case 2: V2V stationary and dynamic
49.6.3 Analysis of the effects of vehicle motion on link performance
49.7 Layer 3: integrated space-enabled vehicle to satellite communication
49.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
50 K/Ka-band transceiver sensitivity modeling and link characterization for integrated 5G-LEO communication applications
50.1 Introduction
50.2 5G link characterization
50.3 5G mmWave link budget for a K/Ka-band transceiver
50.4 Sensitivity modeling for integrated 5G-LEO communication applications
50.4.1 Transmitter front-end modeling
50.4.2 Receiver front-end modeling
50.5 Simulation result and analysis
50.5.1 Transmitter front-end analysis
50.5.2 Receiver front-end analysis
50.5.3 5G NR receiver sensitivity modeling
50.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
51 Link budget design for integrated 5G-LEO communication applications
51.1 Introduction
51.2 5G-LEO RF link budget design and calculation
51.2.1 Received power determination
51.2.2 Path loss modeling
51.3 5G mmWave link budget for a Ka-band satellite
51.4 Simulation result and analysis
51.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 13 New satellite components and transmitter and modem technologies
52 Secret key agreement for satellite laser communications
52.1 Introduction
52.2 Secret key agreement
52.3 Channel model
52.3.1 Generalized on-off keying
52.3.2 Secret key rate for GOOK
52.4 Numerical investigation of secret key rate
52.5 FSO-SKA versus QKD
52.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
53 Methods for securing spacecraft tasking and control via an enterprise Ethereum blockchain
53.1 Introduction
53.2 Literature review
53.3 Methodology
53.4 Results
53.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
54 PAPR reduction and digital predistortion for 5G waveforms in digital satellite payloads
54.1 Introduction
54.2 System model
54.3 PAPR reduction and predistortion method
54.3.1 HPA model
54.3.2 PAPR reduction
54.3.3 Digital predistortion
54.4 Simulations results
54.4.1 Analysis with only DPD
54.4.2 Analysis with only clipping
54.4.3 Analysis with clipping and DPD
54.4.4 Total degradation analysis
54.5 Conclusion
References
55 Effects of differential oscillator phase noise in precoding performance
55.1 Introduction
55.2 Two-state noise oscillator model
55.2.1 Discrete-time implementation
55.3 Satellite precoding system with different clock references
55.4 System implementation
55.5 Simulations results
55.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
56 GNSS-assisted acquisition technique for LTE over satellite
56.1 Introduction
56.2 LTE acquisition and synchronization background
56.2.1 LTE acquisition method overview
56.2.2 Need for modification to operate over a satellite
56.3 Review of prior work in the literature
56.4 A GNSS-assisted method for LTE acquisition and synchronization over satellite
56.5 Summary
References
Section 14 NGSO constellations and 5G integration
57 Information rate and quality of service guarantees for end-to-end data flows in an NGSO satellite network
57.1 Introduction
57.2 NGSO constellations for broadband connectivity
57.3 Issues with QoS and SLAs in NGSO networks
57.4 Proposed approach
57.4.1 24x7 flow admission control
57.4.2 Edge-based NGSO satellite network QoS enforcement
57.4.3 Precision handover management
57.4.4 SDN-based QoS flow tables at user terminals, gateways, and satellite
57.5 Conclusion
References
58 A new optimization tool for mega-constellation design and its application to trunking systems
58.1 Introduction
58.2 System modeling and requirements
58.2.1 Link budget
58.2.2 Traffic demand
58.3 System optimization
58.3.1 Optimization parameters
58.3.2 Methodology
58.4 Numerical results
58.5 Limitations and future enhancements
58.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
59 Estimation and compensation of timing drift for NR-based NTN system
59.1 Introduction
59.2 Methodology
59.2.1 Timing drift compensation method
59.2.2 Calculating timing drift rate based on timing tracking
59.2.3 Calculating timing drift rate based on frequency offset tracking
59.3 Results
59.4 Conclusion
References
60 Spectrum sharing schemes in integrated satellite-terrestrial network
60.1 Introduction
60.2 System model
60.2.1 Satellite system
60.2.2 Terrestrial system
60.3 Spectrum sharing schemes
60.4 Simulation results and analysis
60.5 Bandwidth estimation method based on protected area spectrum sharing scheme
60.6 Conclusion
References
61 Hybrid analogβdigital precoding design for satellite systems
61.1 Introduction
61.2 System model
61.2.1 System description
61.2.2 Architectures
61.2.3 Performance metrics
61.2.4 Channel
61.3 Problem formulation, solutions, and sample performance
61.3.1 Sample performance
61.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 15 NGSO and GEO system issues and interference mitigation techniques
62 Carrier phase recovery for DVB-S2x standard in VL SNR channel
62.1 Introduction
62.2 System description
62.2.1 Transmitter
62.2.2 Signal and channel model
62.3 Carrier phase synchronization
62.3.1 Overall demodulator architecture
62.3.2 Conventional carrier phase synchronization
62.3.3 Proposed approach
62.4 Numerical results and analysis
62.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
63 Spectrum prediction and interference detection for satellite communications
63.1 Introduction
63.2 Proposed approach
63.2.1 Notation and assumptions
63.2.2 Method
63.2.3 Long short-term memory
63.3 Experimental results
63.3.1 Dataset
63.3.2 Architecture and training
63.3.3 Results
63.4 Comparison with a model-based approach
63.4.1 Notation
63.4.2 Method
63.4.3 Experimental results
63.4.4 Comparison
63.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
64 Channel capacity analysis of satellite MIMO system depending on the orbital altitude
64.1 Introduction
64.2 Proposal of LEO-MIMO channel
64.2.1 Channel model
64.2.2 Coordinate transformation
64.3 Parametric analysis of LEO-MIMO channel capacity
64.3.1 Parameters of analysis
64.3.2 Results and discussion
64.4 LEO-MIMO channel capacity analysis using actual satellite orbital and attitude data
64.4.1 Parameters of analysis
64.4.2 Results and discussion
64.5 Conclusion
References
65 Effects of channel phase in multibeam multicast satellite precoding systems
65.1 Introduction
65.2 System model
65.2.1 Channel model
65.2.2 Precoding strategy
65.2.3 Multibeam system and performance metrics
65.3 Unicast
65.4 Multicast
65.4.1 Comparison of clustering techniques
65.4.2 Sensitivity to phase estimation errors
65.5 Conclusions and discussion
Acknowledgments
References
66 Hardware precoding demonstration in multibeam UHTS communications under realistic payload characteristics
66.1 Introduction
66.2 Hardware demonstrator
66.2.1 System model
66.2.2 Gateway
66.2.3 Channel emulator
66.2.4 User terminal
66.2.4.1 LLR demapper
66.2.4.2 LDPC decoder
66.2.5 Resource occupation in FPGAs
66.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Index
Back Cover